What is “Small” Business?

In addition to how a business is organized legally, size is also a way to classifying businesses. A small business is generally defined as any independently owned business with fewer than 500 employees that is not dominant in its industry. The Small Business Administration (SBA) is responsible for issuing the specific criteria that render a business a small business. These criteria vary widely by industry. As recently as 2010, in an effort to make more businesses eligible for SBA loan assistance programs and to encourage economic growth and job creation, the SBA issued sweeping changes to the rules governing small businesses.For example, a car dealership is defined as a small business if it has 200 or fewer employees, whereas many manufacturing operations and other businesses can have up to 500 employees and still be considered small. Most experts use 500 or fewer employees as a general rule for defining small businesses. The definition of a small business is not limited to the numbe r of employees, however. The designation as a small business may be imposed based on overall annual sales. For example, hotels, which operate within the service industry, can earn $30 million annually and still be considered small businesses.Other services, such as industrial launderers, can earn $35. 5 million and still be considered small businesses. For example, a car dealership is defined as a small business if it has 200 or fewer employees, whereas many manufacturing operations and other businesses can have up to 500 employees and still be considered small. Most experts use 500 or fewer employees as a general rule for defining small businesses. The definition of a small business is not limited to the number of employees, however. The designation as a small business may be imposed based on overall annual sales.For example, hotels, which operate within the service industry, can earn $30 million annually and still be considered small businesses. Other services, such as industrial launderers, can earn $35. 5 million and still be considered small businesses. Why Is Small Business Important in the U. S. Economy? According to the SBA, small businesses are of critical importance to the U. S. economy in a number of ways, including the following:†¢Small businesses make up nearly 99. 7 percent of all employers in the United States.†¢Outside of farming, small businesses create more than 50 percent of the U. S. gross domestic product and employ more than 50 percent of U. S. private sector workers. †¢Small businesses tend to be highly innovative, thus accounting for nearly 14 times more patents than large corporations that produce patents. In other words, some of the greatest innovations have been started by small businesses. Consider that modern advances, such as the automatic transmission, FM radios, insulin, and penicillin all began with small businesses.†¢Small businesses tend to be spread out throughout the United States, bringing employment, p roducts, and services to nearly every community in the country. In other words, small businesses are not confined to large cities but also serve small towns and rural communities. †¢Small businesses account for nearly 97 percent of U. S. exports and provide 31 percent of the value of those exports. †¢Small businesses are often owned and operated by women and minorities, which has opened the door for many minority groups to participate and invest in the U. S. economy.Minorities and women own more than 4 million and nearly 6. 5 million small businesses, respectively. †¢Small businesses create more than 65 percent of all new jobs in the United States. Despite these tremendous advantages, there are also disadvantages to small business. These businesses, especially new ones, face the risk of failure due to capital limitations. In many cases, small businesses have limited scope and do not necessarily grow into large corporations. Similarly, their owners may achieve limited personal success and wealth and often do not have access to an endless source of capital.Like larger businesses, small businesses can be organized in a variety of ways. In choosing a business form, it is important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the available forms. Limited Partnerships The limited partnership alters the structure of the general partnership by introducing a new class of partner, the limited partner. General partners manage and operate the limited partnership and are subject to unlimited personal liability for partnership obligations.Limited partners enjoy limited liability for partnership obligations but have no right to exert meaningful control over day-to-day operations of the business. Formation of a limited partnership requires the filing of a Certificate of Limited Partnership. While a limited partnership may be formed without a written limited partnership agreement,absence of a written agreement may support the inference that the partnership is, i n fact, a general partnership. Thus, imposing unlimited liability upon all partners. Limited Liability PartnershipsIn a general partnership, each partner incurs unlimited liability for partnership obligations. In multi-state partnerships with thousands of partners, there is a significant chance that partners might face financial ruin due to the conduct of a single partner with whom they have never worked and never met. The Limited Liability Partnership, or LLP, sometimes known as a Registered Limited Liability Partnership, or RLLP, was designed to rectify this problem. Although Limited Liability Partnerships are managed like general partnerships, there are different rules governing the liability of partners.Generally, limited liability partners incur unlimited liability for partnership contracts and debts and limited liability for torts committed by another partner. Most states recognizing the LLP require the partnership to maintain a specified amount of liability insurance to compe nsate victims of torts committed by a partner. Formation of an LLP requires the filing of an application or registration. While a written limited liability partnership agreement is not required by law, it is strongly suggested. Limited Liability CompaniesThe Limited Liability Company, or LLC, is perhaps the most advantageous form for most small businesses and for many larger businesses as well. The LLC combines the limited liability of a corporation with the flexible and informal management of a partnership. Federal law allows LLCs the option of taxation as a partnership or as a corporation. Depending upon state law, an LLC may exist in perpetuity, as do most corporations. A document, typically referred to as Articles of Organization, is filed to create a Limited Liability Company.A written operating agreement may be required depending on state law; where a written operating agreement is not required, statutes will generally establish the rights of members and the method by which th e LLC is to be operated and managed. The SBA offers various incentives and programs to help these small businesses thrive, including the following: †¢Financial assistance in the form of grants and low-interest loans help small ventures stay in business and expand—in fact, the SBA helps coordinate lenders and borrowers in an effort to facilitate the financing needs of small businesses.†¢The SBA disseminates information about national and international contract opportunities within and outside of the government and encourages small businesses to apply for these contracts. †¢Assistance is offered to those starting, planning, and growing small businesses, as are general legal information and compliance reports to owners, including specific counsel to small businesses owned by women and accounting and taxation training to help various types of small businesses succeed.†¢Small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures are vital to every industry sector in the U.S. and global economy. Small businesses tend to be more responsive to changing conditions than larger, less-flexible, organizations. They also create the most new jobs and products in today’s economy. More than 65 percent of all new jobs in the U. S. are created by small businesses. Developing and exploiting a sustainable competitive advantage is an important task for small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures, just like larger organizations. †¢Nearly 40 percent of all small businesses exist within the service industry, accounting for more than 2 million firms.Medical practices, accounting firms, engineering and legal offices, nursing and rehabilitation facilities, and other practices are most largely representative of small businesses in the United States. The second largest small business representation is retail which includes grocery stores, pharmacies, bookstores, jewelers, clothing stores, and more. of ways by facilitating lending, offering training, and so on. Th e SBA is responsible for classifying businesses by their size and their income. Small BusinessA business that is independently owned and operated for profit and is not dominant in its industry.Small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures are vital to every industry sector in the U. S. and global economy. Small businesses tend to be more responsive to changing conditions than larger, less-flexible, organizations. They also create the most new jobs and products in today’s economy. More than 65 percent of all new jobs in the U. S. are created by small businesses. Developing and exploiting a sustainable competitive advantage is an important task for small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures, just like larger organizations.Nearly 40 percent of all small businesses exist within the service industry,  accounting for more than 2 million firms. Medical practices, accounting firms, engineering and legal offices, nursing and rehabilitation facilities, and other practices are most largely representative of small businesses in the United States. The second largest small business representation is retail which includes grocery stores, pharmacies, bookstores, jewelers, clothing stores, and more. Small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures are vital to every industry sector in the U. S. and global economy. Small businesses tend to be more responsive to changing conditions than larger, less-flexible, organizations.They also create the most new jobs and products in today’s economy. More than 65 percent of all new jobs in the U. S. are created by small businesses. Developing and exploiting a sustainable competitive advantage is an important task for small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures, just like larger organizations. Nearly 40 percent of all small businesses exist within the service industry, accounting for more than 2 million firms. Medical practices, accounting firms, engineering and legal offices, nursing and rehabilitation facilities, and oth er practices are most largely representative of small businesses in the United States.The second largest small business representation is retail which includes grocery stores, pharmacies, bookstores, jewelers, clothing stores, and more. Small Business Administration (SBA)Helps small businesses in the United States in a variety of ways by facilitating lending, offering training, and so on. The SBA is responsible for classifying businesses by their size and their income. Small BusinessA business that is independently owned and operated for profit and is not dominant in its industry.

Hard Work Is the Key to Success

I am writing this content only those who are fresh graduate and wondering full time or part time work. First of all, I say that graduation is not top part where you have reached. It is just first step. You should study post-graduation. If you do not do it regularly, you should study it through correspondence. Master degree is must before wondering full time work because next two years will give you more learning skills.Now, when you go for wondering work, you should remember that your hard work is the key of your success. No work is bad. There may be more quality in small work. Education increases our power to give better service. So, you can do your work from any small service. It may be the duty of salesman. It may be the duty supervisor or tutor. You do that duty with full of hard work. Sweat from your body is the sign that success is very near to you. It may be possible that your family's financial condition is not good.I ask one question from you whether only to say this to othe r is sufficient. No, never! Nobody will give you any financial help. Nobody will give you money. Yes you can do labor. Yes you can sell the small products. Yes, you can do duty and earn money. This earned money can only support your family. This earned money can power to your family. Why are you wasting time just telling your weak family condition. Use same time to get new idea for hard work.

Analysis of Thomas Teo’s Theories

Analysis of Thomas Teos Theories First review The first article focuses on whether psychological codes of ethics are morally oblique, authored by Thomas Teo. The researcher hypothesizes that both American and Canadian moral code in their current form are not equipped to address challenges like epistemological violence. The second hypothesis is that the codes are not immune to ideological changes especially with regard to war on terror and lastly the researcher hypothesizes that the psychological codes are blind or inarticulate with regard to issues touching on financial conflicts of interest that are observed in recent versions of Diagnostics and statistical manuals. The researcher uses examples derived from academic papers and also psychological practices; the researcher hopes to uncover the discrepancies between the psychological codes that make them lack flexibility. The first issue tackled in the paper concerns epistemological violence in psychological practice; epistemological violence can be viewed from the c ontext of interpreting empirical information; psychological research provide both empirical information and theoretical interpretations made by the researcher. Most time the empirical data does not influence the theoretical interpretation made by the researcher and thus calls for the hermeneutic process. The term epistemological violence stems from interpretations made which are detrimental to a particular person or group; for instance, Black people are naturally violent and less law-abiding as compared to their white and Asian counterparts; these are interpretations based on speculative hermeneutics and they have the potential to bring more disruption than good to the society. Both Canadian and American psychology associations address this issue by stating that psychological research should provide insight that is beneficial to the society and not do harm; the Canadian code emphasizes that research should be knowledgeable and sensitive to the cultural differences. But the proponent s of scientific sexism and racism can argue that the harm to society is irrelevant with respect to the truth; others can argue that putting the harm clause in research psychology is tantamount to censorship and impede progress in psychological research. It is imperative that psychological society include statements in the code that emphasize the harm that emanate from research interpretations. Application of psychological knowledge in the fight against terror is the next issue of interest. Both Canadian and American psychology Associations have clear code that prohibit their members from participating in acts of torture of terrorism detainees. It is imperative to understand that psychology as a profession is open to political, social influences which have always propelled the development of the discipline. The ethical code 1.02 that underpins the relationship between ethics and law was changed; in 1992, the code stated that is a psychologist’s ethics conflicted with the law, he/she was to make his contention apparent and take steps to reconcile the contention in a sober manner. But as a consequence of the happenings the September 11 th , the code was modified to state that if a psychologist encountered a conflict between ethics and the law, he/she was to make his/her commitment to ethical code be known and take requisite steps to resolve the conflict. If the dilemma could not be reconciled, the psychologist would abide by the requirements of the law. It is thus apparent that political-economic influences led to the alteration of the ethical code, and both the American and Canadian psychological societies did not put requisite safeguards to prevent psychologists from engaging in torturous activities. It is necessary that when changes are made to the code, the highest standards of ethics are involved so as to prevent violation of human rights.

Abortion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Abortion - Research Paper Example In the case of abortion, abortion is an epidemic that is of highest concerns to the entire society. If abortion is made legal, the entire society will suffer more losses as compared to benefits. Losses that may result from legalizing abortion are that those who are fear unintentional pregnancies will no longer fear them. People fear unintentional penalties as abortion is not yet legal, they are well aware that if they get involved in sexual activities, they may experience pregnancy and there would be no way to avoid pregnancy as the law does not allow them. If abortion is made legal, sexual activity at different age levels will increase and this will further lead to an increase in the amount of people infected by sexually transmitted diseases. Another issue with legalizing pregnancy is that teenagers will stop fearing pregnancy and will continue to indulge in engaging in sexual activity at an age when they should be focusing on their education and personal wellbeing. According to fact sheet provided by Guttmacher University, 6% of all abortion taking place are conducted on teenage rs aging between 15 to 17 and 11% of these abortions are conducted on teenagers, aging 18 to 19 (Guttmacher Institute, 2012). These figures clearly show that teenagers are getting involved in unhealthy sexual activity at the time when they should be focusing on their education and these figures can further elevate if abortion is made legal. Abortion is illegal in several nations and different penalties are levied on stakeholders of abortion, these penalties are levied on those who conduct the operation of abortion as well as on those who are getting abortions conducted on them. One of the steps that the government can take to penalize those who want to get an abortion and even to deter individuals from being pregnant in an unwanted manner is to erase any sort of government subsidy or Medicaid for those who are getting these abortions done.

Lane college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lane college - Essay Example Lane College has such an environment where one wants to learn more and more. Learning and spreading knowledge is the unsaid slogan here. Good education guarantees successful future and a bright future is what is wanted by every individual who yearns to live a life of improved quality. When I will put my best efforts in achieving proper education, I will not have to struggle so hard to achieve basic luxuries of life. I believe that I will be able to get good job prospects after I come out of my professional education. I have always seen my mother struggling too hard to earn a living after the demise of my father. The hard times that my mother and I have seen have filled in me the utmost desire to gain higher education so that I do not have to live the life of unfulfilled desires. This ambition of mine has made me choose Lane College for further education and I am sure that this college and its knowledgeable staff will help me attain my desires.

Sustainable Tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Tourism - Research Paper Example This forms of tourism, in which foreign people visits other places for leisure and exploration. 2. Supporting the protection of natural areas by generating economic benefits for host communities, providing alternative employment and income opportunities for local communities and increasing awareness towards the conservation of natural and cultural assets. Ecotourism and sustainable tourism are both inclined in traveling and exploration of beautiful places all over the world. But ecotourism focuses on the conservation and sustainability of our environment, where it should be nurtured, preserved and cared for a sustainable biosphere. The consideration to the environment is much given emphasis in ecotourism. On the other hand, sustainable tourism focused on line with the continuous process and application of more travels and tourisms. It ideally uses the resources for national growth. What it considers is the development t of the society and economic status of the State. Assessment 3 Hunter (1995) define sustainable tourism as the basis of the definition of sustainability in the Brundtland Report as follows: Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) should consider these concerns: 1. meet the needs and wants of the local host community in terms of improved living standards and quality of life. Here he possesses that the state and the people should have progress in living. 2. Satisfy the demands of tourists and the tourism industry, and continue to attract them in order to meet the first aim; and, - The state should make sure that their tourist spots should satisfy the visitors, and continuously attract more and more and encourage them to come back. 3. Safeguard the environmental resource base for tourism, encompassing natural, built and cultural components; in order to achieve both the preceding aims. - there should be planning's to attain and assurance o have this place favorable universally. Assessment 4 Swarbrooke criticize the sustainable tour

Writing about Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing about Literature - Essay Example It allows exploration of diverse innate capabilities of an individual such as to sympathize, investigate, laugh, learn/absorb and wonder (Clugston, 2010). It lets a person reflect on the importance of life’s common human experiences by highlighting common place practices and recognizing shared human interests and emotions. It helps in linking feeling to thinking and safeguarding a vision of the ideal, thus, enabling a connection between intellect and imagination (Clugston, 2010). It restores the past and serves as compendium of history since writers usually incorporate the traditions, norms, societal conditions and complexities of their society in their writings (Clugston, 2010). This helps future generations to realize the kind of situations that existed. For instance, war time literature informs modern-day readers about the negativities of war and this is why wars are avoided now. Most importantly, it simulates human imagination, since writers can easily let readers see things clearly by using a variety of visual elements such as factual descriptions, exquisite details, expressions and word pics. This course will develop the skills of understanding human nature and emotions, addressing the innate urge to seek ideals and recognizing the most effective way of sharing personal experiences and impressions with the world. It can develop the skill of making a fair and worthy comparison between the real and imaginative world. It will encourage the ability of using critically important elements like metaphor, simile and use of persona in order to formulate an effective piece of literature (Clugston, 2010). Literature writers aim to help the reader create an intentional imaginative connection with the writer’s world, which can only be achieved through these elements. It will help in differentiating between the writing styles of various literary geniuses. Lastly, it will help in exploring the indispensable but

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

International Business - Essay Example ote that the financial markets do not often work best when they are left alone and as such there shall be some intervention by the government in the form of regulations. This argument becomes more pertinent in the wake of current financial crisis which many believe is a direct result of a de-regulated and highly independent financial system. The globalization of finance therefore is something which is now considered as something which may not be entirely good for the national and international economies. There can be many reasons that have culminated into the present crisis and as such governments tackled this issue more swiftly. However, question still remains as to why such episodes of extreme crisis happened despite the fact that financial system was considered as safe and sound before the emergence of the crisis. Most apparent reason for the financial crisis was labeled as the sub-prime mortgage crisis which resulted into defaults by the sub-prime borrowers on their mortgage obligations with the financial institutions. The process of securitization further added the fuel to this whole drama because most of the financial institutions, through their special purpose vehicles, securitized their mortgage portfolios and tied the cash flows received from their subprime mortgage portfolio with that of the securitized securities. This mismatching of the cash flows therefore resulted into the credit crunch and extension of credit to private sector therefore was reduced causing the credit crunch and started the chain reaction for the current financial crisis. What is also significant to understand that the craze of securitization increased a lot as many countries started to use this process in potentially more speculative dimensions? The spreading of the securitization however, made this process more complicated and as such very few had the capability to understand as to how the process of securitization is interconnected with each other across the markets and what can

The Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Law - Essay Example When Arthur is discharged from hospital he discovers that the landlord of his flat, which he was occupying before the accident, has let the flat to another tenant. Arthur applies to the Local Authority for alternative accommodation but is told that he fails to come within the statutory definition of homlessness. In the above there are several issues that need to be discussed on order to be able to discuss the legal actions that might result from the scenario. The issues that require examination are unfair dismissal with regard to the dismissal from work and dangerous driving on the part of Barry. With regard to the injuries of Arthur caused in the accident there needs to be a discussion on the chain of causation to determine whether Barry should be held liable for the suffering caused or whether Arthur has a claim against the doctor for the negligent treatment. In respect of the flat there needs to be a discussion on breach of contract and unlawful eviction as the landlord has let the flat to someone else in breach of the tenancy agreement. In respect of the homelessness there needs to be an examination of the Housing Act 1996 to determine why Arthur is not regarded as legally homeless. Unfair dismissal as is suggested is when an employer dismisses an employee without good reason. In some instances unfair dismissal can be regarded as automatically unfair. This might be the case in situations where the employer has not followed a proper dismissal procedure before dismissing the employee1. In some claims for unfair dismissal the employee has to have worked for the employer for at least a year whereas in other case the year rule does not apply. In recent times the law has been changed by placing statutory requirements on the employer before the employee can be dismissed. Previous legislation used to regard the employee more as a servant to the employer than a contributing member of the workforce2. Section 94 of the Employment Rights Act

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-sections and Longitudinal Re Assignment

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross-sections and Longitudinal Research for Measuring Life Course Changes - Assignment Example As seen in the work of Quadagno (2014), cross-sectional research is advantageous as is allows making comparisons between diverse aged persons of different age cohorts. This is to mean that the researchers can ask similar questions to different persons then make comparisons from the responses given through analysis and evaluation. Secondly, cross-sectional studies are advantageous as they have the capacity to survey the age differences in the attitudes and the conduct of the aged (Quadagno, 2014; Settersten & Angel, 2011). This explains the extent to which the cross-sectional studies are valid in an assessment of the aged. However, the cross-sectional studies as indicated by Quadagno (2014) and Settersten & Angel (2011) have the disadvantage that they do not have the capacity the changes that occur as the person's age. The studies, therefore, is a key concept in gerontology. As seen in the research conducted by Grenier (2012), longitudinal research is the most appropriate way of studying the age. First, Quadagno (2014) indicates that through the longitudinal research, it is possible that the researcher traces the development of them as they progress over time. The second advantage of the longitudinal research revolves around the fact that this kind of research, is better placed for differentiating between the age, period as well as the cohort effects. However, the major disadvantage of longitudinal research as Quadagno (2014) writes relates to cost issues. Since the longitudinal research involves tracing the development of individual overage, the researcher may incur lots of costs in an attempt to follow-up progressive growth of individuals. In this perspective as well, it is important to note some of the persons may even die prior to completion of the research. Conclusively, the past events of  the life of an aged person play a role in gerontological research. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies contribute a great deal to the study of the aging population.  

Carl Rodgers and B.F. Skinner Essay Example for Free

Carl Rodgers and B.F. Skinner Essay B.F. Skinner, who favored the behaviorist approach to psychology, criticized the psychoanalytical theory by suggesting that psychology should be the study of behavior and not just the mind. However, Skinners approach was radical, in that he did consider our inner thoughts and feelings, but denied that they had anything to do with behavior. His study of behavior involved close contact with the experimental laboratory, where he experimented with small animals such as rats and pigeons. As the experimenter, he was able to study the use of stimuli and reinforcement of behavior. Skinner pointed out that aggression, like any other form of behavior, is a result of social and physical issues in our environments. With this in mind, he believed that human behavior is therefore controllable. In Skinners view, if aggression is apparent in a person, then it is determined by past and present relevant events, together with genetic endowment, hereditary factors that are passed through our genes in the process of evolution. He argued that full knowledge of these two sets of factors, genetic endowment and personal history; hold the key to controlling behavior such as aggression. The behaviorist approach fails to acknowledge individual free will and choice however, and the frustrations involved in the inability to express these. It is often these unobservable issues that cause behaviors, such as aggression. When looking at positive reinforcement, Skinner often refused to consider the mental causes of aggression. For example, if a drunk tries to start a fight with you in a pub, Skinners theory would indicate that the best form of action from previous experience would be to walk away. This however, ignores the events leading up to this point, and you may decide to stay and fight or maybe stay and make friends. The mind selects a response according to the desired consequence, which is a natural part of every function we perform but is not a straightforward case of positive reinforcement. Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical theory of the personality, where he divided it into layers; the unconscious, preconscious, and the conscious. These represented different levels of awareness in our minds. He also described the personality as the id, which is essentially what we are born  with and is where the basic sexual and aggressive drives reside, the ego, which starts to develop as soon as interaction with the environment begins, and the superego, which represents the moral aspect of humans according to societys standards and values. He believed that we are born with these inner feelings of aggression, which we use as a tool to obtain the things we want, but unfortunately, society restricts the use of this horrible behavior for obvious reasons. The display of aggressive behavior would cause us to lose love and respect ending in lowered self-esteem. In order to get through life without imposing this unacceptable behavior upon society, we have in our superego, incorporated something called guilt, which in turn makes us feel ashamed of this pushy, demanding insistence of gratification side of ourselves. However, this causes within us an eternal conflict that rages on through our everyday lives, in the unconscious level of our minds, where we only dimly recognize it. Carl R. Rogers was the founder of the humanistic approach to behavior and like Maslow, he believed that there was nothing bad about human behavior and that we are capable of healthy growth towards Self Actualization. This means that we have the potential to reach fulfillment and achieve warm relationships with others through acceptance and understanding of what we as humans are. In order to understand the actualizing tendency, Rogers claims that we should firstly be congruent, meaning that we should be aware of our inner feelings and accept them as a part of our nature. In this respect, what we express from those feelings is pure and true. Secondly, we should be able to empathize with our fellow man, in that we can understand what everything means to them from their point of view, as if we were in their world. Thirdly, we should be able to accept things as they are and who our fellow man is, without judgment or prejudice. These are three essential ingredients for healthy growth towards being a fully functioning person. Obviously, with an approach such as this, there is little room for negative feelings such as aggression. Because of this positive force for healthy growth, Rogers believed that aggression could possibly be a result of a state of incongruence, where we may feel conflict between our sense of self and our  ideal self. For example, when we become aware of our own set of values but are told by our parents to respect their set of values, taught to us previously, and the use of conditional regard is applied to enforce those values. This could possibly cause aggression by way of retaliation. However, he would not see aggression as inevitable or even an appropriate response, only as a possible response.

Wikis as Education Tool Essay Example for Free

Wikis as Education Tool Essay With the development of today’s technology, it has allowed the creation and proliferation of information in a more convenient manner. Due to this, individuals have used this towards achieving competency and gaining the necessary foundation for learning that paves the way for improvement. Seeing this, instruments such as â€Å"wikis† have allowed the creation and further expansion of data. By taking into consideration the advantages of this mechanism in education, it can further harness the way educational goals are administered and achieved. The development of the term ‘wiki’ in education started in 2006. It is composed of information that is subject for changes and improvement on a particular subject given. â€Å"Wikis are more versatile than a class blog, because blogs are typically one way communication and Wikis are updated by teachers and students† (Wetzel, 2008, p. 1). Since this idea is powered by the internet, it allows people to actively collaborate and contribute both information and insights on a subject, thus widening the horizons for change (Baird and Nye, 2009). Its creation originates from a posting of a particular topic of interest. Under this, the user then allows his/her work to be subject to editing and updating on areas that need further expansion. â€Å"Wikis improve upon more traditional modes of writing collaboration like sharing paper and document files since a wiki page is shared on the Internet and easily accessed and edited online† (Baird and Nye, 2009, p. 1). At the same time, since its creation, it has adopted new approaches that have made this process more user-friendly and applicable to all. â€Å"The use of hyperlinks, tables, images, media, as well as incorporating the customized layout that we see with carefully designed web sites is present in wikis† (Baird and Nye, 2009, p. 1). Looking closely at the content associated with ‘wikis’, the topics offer a myriad of information that students can deem to contribute. It can look into areas of Natural Sciences such as Biology, Physics, Chemsitry, etc. or other topics such as History, Mathematics, Religion, and Sociology. The presence of this diverse subject matter exemplifies its potential in creating an active environment for learning and enhances educational goals and objectives (Elgort, 2007). That is why continuing strategies should be explored to actively tap on its strengths and capability as an instrument for teaching and facilitation. Realizing the relevance of such approach in education, I feel that it can be an essential device for intensifying training and facilitate learning. In doing this, I need to understand the parameters and scope of what my subject of interest would be. After this, I have to actively link this on how I wish to use ‘wikis’ to encourage cooperation among my target students. â€Å"Decisions need to be made not only about how information is structured but also what navigational support is provided to the reader, and these decisions are crucial to the ways in which the reader interacts with the wiki† (Elgrot, 2007, p. 234). I feel that this is an initial step in making sure that the initiative is in-line with the objective, needs and standards mandated. After this, the next step involves the creation of an active system wherein students can explore the meaning of the subject and point out their relative inputs and understanding based on the information provided. This means that communication and interaction via the website is an important agenda to consider. By highlighting areas wherein changes or modifications can happen, it can increase the likelihood of participation and further acquisition of knowledge and information. To conclude, the creation of wikis is one instrument that technology has provided to humans today. By actively exploring its capabilities, it can be seen that this setup can be applied to intensify and increase learning objectives. At the same time, as people realize the relevance of such practice, it can be an alternative approach in education which can make it adaptive to 21st century trends. References Baird, R. and Nye, M. (2009) Beyond Wikepedia: Wikis as Learning Tools in CITES EdTech.Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http://www. cites. illinois. edu/edtech/newsletters_articles/articles/baird/beyond_wikipedia-spr09. html Elgort, I. (2007) Using wikis as a learning tool in higher education in ascilite. [online] Retrieved May 11, 2009. 233-238. Wetzel, D. R. (2008) Using Wiki Technology to Engage Students: Educational Technology Strategies for Creativity and Collaboration. Retrieved May 11, 2009 from, http://teachertipstraining. suite101. com/article. cfm/using_wiki_technology_to_engage_students

The Innovation Of Fashion Designers Cultural Studies Essay

The Innovation Of Fashion Designers Cultural Studies Essay Vivienne Westwood has been an innovative and provocative fashion designer. She has been influenced primarily by the Punk movement and that is one of the reasons I chose to research her fashion collections. This essay is going to investigate the importance of the relationship between Vivienne Westwood and the Punk movement to the fashion society. Westwood established the background for the punk movement in the United Kingdom which affected a lot the fashion styles and until today many clothes are designed according to the Punk fashion style, for example the skinny jeans. I believe that this investigation will provide an insight on sociocultural facts and events that are memorable for the world of fashion. What attracted me to it was that Westwood who hadnt done any studies on fashion, met Malcolm McLaren and together with their clothes, they were influenced by the British culture so much and they started working at the time when Punk movement was established. This made me think that when one has a gift and wants to become a successful person, eventually he will achieve his goals. Vivienne Westwood has had a successful career for more than 40 years. The essay will focus on the first eight years of her career from 1970 to 1978. During this period the punk movement appeared all over the world. Punk was actually a music genre that developed during this period in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, which is the homeland of Westwood, Punk appeared as an alternative political movement, which expressed rebellion, but also appeared as a music scene which brought to the spotlight many punk music groups like the Sex Pistols etc. It also appeared as a fashion style. British adolescents have long created stylish subcultures in order to express all manner of rebellions  [1]  . The punk style is the connection between Vivienne Westwood and Punk. Therefore, the research question formed is; How Vivienne Westwoods collections were affected by the punk movement? The essay will start the biography of Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren and I will refer to the definition and the characteristics of the punk movement in the United Kingdom. I will followins also write about the Sex Pistols and the New York Dolls which are both Punk music groups and wore clothes of Vivienne Westwood. Following I will move into comparing in chronological order collections of Vivienne Westwood with particular punk music groups. The collections I will look into are; Let it Rock 1970, Too fast to live Too young to die, 1972, Sex, 1974 and Seditionaries, 1976. This procedure will lead into the conclusion and my findings on Vivienne Westwoods influences from the Punk movement MAIN BODY Biography The punk movement appeared as a rock music genre which developed in the decade of the 70s in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. They created hard-edged music, characterized by short songs, stripped-down instrumentation and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. In Britain, the Punk movement was politically active and their main concern was the economy of the country. Many people were unemployed because the economy in the United Kingdom in the 1970s was in a recession. Early Punks played a role in politics and protest, and they wanted to express themselves as anticapitalists, antihippies, anarchists and fascists. They portrayed themselves as political radicals by drawing on themes of Marxism, fascism etc. Beyond the fact that punk started out as a music-based subculture, there is a debate about its geographic origins, its ideologies, its membership etc. Most published accounts of punk focus on the origins and flourishing of punk subculture from late 1960s to lat e 1970s.  [2]  Punk may have originated in the United States, but punk as a subculture gelled in mid-1970s Britain.  [3]  . Punk appeared also as a fashion style. The basic male uniform consisted of combat boots, leather jacket, torn jeans, shaved head and most girls tried to adopt this male uniform completely. The ways in which the punk girls combined their punkness and their gender is very unique. They combined female items with punk elements. The influence of the Punk style on music groups is remarkable. The Sex Pistols and New York Dolls are English bands which formed in 1975 in London and their manager was McLaren who was born in 1946 and is a performer and former manager of the two groups. Music, fashion, the Punk Movement was something that attracted him when he was in a Fine Arts college. Malcolm was a friend of Vivienne Westwoods brother and thats how they met. Vivienne Westwood was born in Glossop, Derbyshire on 8 April 1941. She is as much of a symbol of England a s the Queen and the black cab.  [4]  She always liked fashion and a quote of her is that Fashion became her baby, she picked it up and never put it down.  [5]  In 1965 she met Malcolm McLaren and a relationship began. Together they established the foundation of the punk movement by opening shops and creating clothes related to rebellion and punk. Westwoods career in fashion was galvanized by her partner, Malcolm.  [6]  Their working relationship lasted from 1970 until 1983, and as is referred to above launched Punk. In 1971 Vivienne thought they should set up a clothes shop, because Malcolm was certainly fascinated by clothes. Thereby, Malcolm found a place at Kings Road which was named Paradise Garage and the couple made an agreement to own part of the shop. Let It Rock was the name of Viviennes first collection and the name of the shop too. Her first collection included pieces of drape jackets, leather ties with plastic sleeves, drainpipe trousers, ruffled shirt, day-glo socks, bootlace tie etc. Her favorite fabric was leather, she used a lot of zippers and slogans in order to decorate her clothes. They were interested in that era and they wanted to approach the Teddy boys who were into rebellion and could things stir up. Vivienne sourced authentic buttons, cloth and linings and informed by research in Teddy Boy clubs, copied and recoloured the look.  [7]  Vivienne began making trousers and more and more people were coming to the shop to try on their day-glo jackets, the special blue and silver trousers etc. At that period of time Vivienne and Malcolm went to a big music concert and were inspired in order to make their own T-shirt, Viva la Rock n Roll. Malcolm described rock n roll as the jungle beat that threatened white civilization.  [8]  It is a fact that in the collection Let It Rock of Vivienne Westwood we dont see a big influence of the punk movement. This can be explained by the fact that at the period of time that Let It Rock was launched, it only the foundations of the punk movement had been established. Despite this fact we can find characteristics of the pun k style in specific clothes of Let It Rock. Let It Rock Collection Figure 2. Sid Vicious, Let It Rock, 1970-1972 Figure 1. Vivienne Westwood, Let It Rock, 1970-1972Punks and members of music groups wore clothes that were ripped because in this way they were expressing rebellion through their style. In Figure 1 we see a T-shirt of Let It Rock which shows the influence of punk. Punk style was characterized by clothes with zippers, with holes, slogans, pins, pockets etc. The T-shirt in Figure 1 is ripped like all the clothes of Punks and it has many zippers and pockets and slogans that Vivienne used a lot. A characteristic example is Sid Vicious (Figure 2) who is wearing a ripped T-shirt of the Westwood Let It Rock collection and skinny jeans.. Moreover the slogans for her T-shirts were often lyrics of Sex Pistols songs. A characteristic example we see in Figure 3, in which Westwood is wearing her T-shirt with a photo of the Queen and the title of the Sex Pistols song God save the Queen on top. Figure 3. Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood, Let It Rock 1970-1972 Figure 4. Destroy T-shirt, Let It Rock 1970-1972Another example of a T-shirt with a slogan is shown in Figure 4, in which Vivienne wants to get the message across that Nazis should not exist. She was against all this racism against the Jewish people etc and she wanted to make something in order to express her disappointment about the Nazis and maybe she thought that she could change something. Thats why she thought to make a T-shirt with the swastika and the work Destroy on top. An example for leather gear is Sid Vicious again (figure 5) who is wearing a leather jacket at a Sex Pistol concert in Notre Dame Hall. Also, Vivienne, who is promoting her style and her clothes by wearing a leather outfit herself. Figure 5. Sid Vicious and Vivienne Westwood, Let It Rock 1970-1972 Although the Let It Rock collection and shop were very successful, Vivienne and Malcolm were searching for something new because the trend of the Teddy Boys had started to elapse. The Teddy Boys werent such rebels after all and because the couple wanted to express rebellion they needed something new. They started experimenting with rockers and a bike boys look and a tougher leather look which was accompanied with punk style. So, in the spring of 1973, they renamed the shop into Too Fast To Live, Too Young To Die and Vivienne started a new collection. Malcolm started buying fabrics such as velvet and Lurex and he thought that they should sell second-hand jeans, customized leather, pegged trousers, double-breast Zoot suits with padded shoulders etc. Because some striped and plain black T-shirts were left over from Let It Rock collection, Vivienne decided against throwing these clothing items away and chose to alter them by ripping them, knotting, cutting holes, rolling and stitching sl eeves together. Thereby, Westwood made a series of extraordinary clothes and especially T-shirts collaged with feathers, nipple-revealing zippers, studs, chains, potato prints, hand-stencilled garments and odd objects. She also put glitter on clothes and the whole work turned into something more creative and fun for her. Together with the punk style they also wanted to search for motorbike wear because the couple was interested in rubber, leather and fetishism. This collection of Westwood had the characteristic that, it was a point at which elements of sex imagery, cult fashion and politics met. This characteristic was sometimes a disadvantage because they were sometimes prosecuted under the obscenity of law for exposing to public view an independent exhibition . One characteristic example is that one of their T-shirts showed two naked cowboys which was thought to be unethical, unacceptable and inappropriate by society at large. Vivienne explained, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ my job is to confront the Establishment to try to find out where the freedom lies and what you can do: the most obvious way I did that was through the porn T-shirts  [9]  . Actually she always wanted to express sex somehow. Even when she put zippers on her clothes above all there were all sort of other sexy associations with the zippers  [10]  . All these characteristics like for example the zippers, leather, chains etc made her clothes surreal and somehow controversial. Also some of the clothes were characterized as rough and deliberately confrontational. To Fast To Live To Young To Die Collection In comparison with Let It Rock collection, here in the TFTLTYTD collection the influence of punk plays a bigger role and we can find characteristics of the punk movement in many clothes of Westwood. Figure 6. Venus T-shirt, TFTLTYTD 1972-1974In Figure 6 we can see Simon Barker wearing the famous hand-made Venus T-shirt which had armholes edged with sections of bike tyres and trimmed with horse hair. For this T-shirt Vivienne was inspired from motorbike wear and the punk movement. Generally, she used also many clues in order to express sexuality. Regarding to the punk style as I have referred to above, the clothes have chains, slogans, pins, leather etc.. So, here in this T-shirt we have as elements taken from punk such as lots of pins, chains and of course the slogan Venus. Also we see that Simon Barker is wearing leather trousers and army boots that Punks quite often wore. Figure 7. Vivienne Westwood, TFTLTYTD 1972-1974Moreover, as I referred to above, Vivienne wanted to express sex through her clothes, so most of the times she made and wore clothes with which she wanted to show that she was against all taboos. A characteristic example is in Figure 7, in which we see Vivienne wearing a shirt, a jacket and underwear from the TFTLTYTD collection without wearing jeans, or trousers above etc. By appearing in public like this she wanted to get the message across that she hated Puritanism and that people should not had taboos and prejudices regarding sex and the expression of the human body. The above opinion is also supported by Figure 8 in which we see Malcolm wearing the T-shirt Two Naked Cowboys of the TFTLTYTD collection. This is one of the T-shirts that had the couple prosecuted under the obscenity of law for exposing to public view an independent exhibition  [11]  . Vivienne didnt want to be limited in her designs regarding to ethical implications but sometimes she was obligated to be limited because of the authorities. Figure 8. Two naked cowboys, TFTLTYTD 1972-1974 Figure 9. McLaren and Westwood, TFTLTYTD 1972-1974 In addition, Vivienne herself wore the clothes she designed and by doing so she aimed at promoting the clothes and the punk style also. A characteristic example is Figure 9 in which we see Vivienne with Malcolm in a Photo shout. Vivienne is wearing leather jeans and a blouse with a zipper that could be characterized as conservative. In this photo shooting she wanted to wear something conservative but still in leather so we continue to see the effect of punk on her. She wanted to provoke and show that she is different, that she can be conservative through Punk too. As time passed McLaren set the scene for Punk via the next venture into a field that he knew would provoke still more outrage. He said characteristically in an interview of Elle magazine in November of 1985; It started with an interest in any form of youth revolt, so that it involved Teddy Boys and Rockers. Then we brought the sex element into it.  [12]  So, in 1974 they renamed their shop to SEX written with pink letters again. At that time they started selling bondage gear such as rubber body suits, rubber masks, leather mini skirts, leather underwear, shirts with chains, padlocks, fishnets, fetishistic lace-up boots and they also sold stilettos. At that time their slogan was Rubber wear for the office. The couple wanted to prove that they didnt care about taboos and prejudices and thats why in this collection they marketed clothes related to sadomasochism, fascism, pornography etc. Her clothes continued to shock society if we consider that this collection was selling sex more than the previous ones. Vivienne explains, all the clothes that I wore that people would regard as shocking, I wore them because I just thought I looked like a princess from another planet, I just thought I looked incredible in these clothes.  [13]  . The influence of Punk in SEX is more than in the previous collections because SEX clothes were mostly made of leather, chains etc which are basic elements of punk style. Punk was a cross-fertilization of SEX clothes  [14]  . Some people believe that punk was an eruption in the streets. But what it was infact was a fashion e vent from the start, like the creation of a historical painting based on a revolution; because that is what it actually was, a revolution. Sex Collection A characteristic example of this sexual revolution that Vivienne wanted to express through fashion is the T-shirt Tits in figure 10. It is a T-shirt from SEX and it was worn by both men and women but it was preferred by men because they wanted to shock by expressing the idea of homosexuality; Figure 10. Tits T-shirt, SEX 1974-1976 Figure 10. Tits T-shirt, SEX 1974-1976 Moreover as it was referred to above, punk influenced SEX in such a way Vivienne used their elements and their main fabric, leather in making her clothes. In Figure 11 we observe how punk influenced SEX. In this picture we see Jordan, shop girl of 1974, wearing a leather outfit of SEX. In the foreground it is shown a body suit made of leather belts and in the background we can find rubber clothes hanging on racks. Figure 11. Jordan, SEX 1974-1976 We can find another example of Punk influence on SEX in Figure 12, in which we see Johnny Rotten wearing a black leather bondage suit. This piece of clothing shows the combination of punk and sexuality because leather is the fabric of punks and when we talk about bondage suits we relate them to sadomasochism and generally sex. Figure 12. John Rotten, SEX 1974-1976 Furthermore in Figure 13 it can be detected Vivienne wearing a total black outfit made of rubber and leather. It has some pins on top and Vivienne is also holding some leather straps attached to other leather objects. Malcolm and Vivienne had gone all the way by making a public display of the leather and rubber stuff that fetishists succumbed to in private. Figure 13. Vivienne Westwood, SEX 1974-1976 What SEX was and generally what all Westwood collections were was a complex amalgam of various stylish influences, in which Punk had its roots in the streets of London and the music scenes of New York. As time went by the New York Dolls made their own decadent outfits to which Westwood added elements from the torn clothes of the pin-ups in Let it Rock, chains, zips, rubber wear and bondage garments of SEX. Consequently, in 1977 the shop and the collection changed its name yet again into Seditionaries under the slogan Clothes for heroes. The word Seditionaries was Viviennes concoction and was based on the fact that someone needed to seduce people in order to revolt. This moment was the peak of all this punk madness. In this collection the zips and straps of obscure sexual fetishism were transformed into fashion. Malcolm and Vivienne continued selling SEX T-shirts and fetish gear but everything was much smarter, less underground and less provincially British  [15]  . They made some T-shirts with photos, slogans on top and again they borrowed elements from the Punk movement. Savage wrote that Seditionaries brought the modern look in the 1970s but also Seditionaries clothes unleashed a more violent reaction combined with punk elements than SEX clothes. If the first Punks had thrown up every youth style since the war and then stuck it together with safety pins and panache, Seditionaries avoided retro yet caught the confusion: the look both in the original and the imitations spread thoughout the world  [16]  . This collection included again bondage trousers and clothes with straps and zips. Westwood in this collection used wool, mohair and leather for fabric which were elements of Punk movement. Westwood also made trousers based on military wear but even then she added her own elements based on sado-masochistic and fetishist gear. The Punks at that time had their own army uniform. The clothes were accessorized with pins, razor blades and silver phalluses. They tended to throw together sado-masochistic bondage paraphernalia and clothing associated with the hospital or the mental asylums so that they produced a surreal commentary on the anarchic tendencies of the sartorial display. Again with this collection Vivienne wanted to reveal taboos and mess with the normative class coding. One of the most significant factors of Punk at that moment was that it gave license for women to dress assertively. Vivienne said characteristically that Punk was what made her think of herself as a designer. Actually what Punk was both for her and society was a fashionable expression of a revolution. In fact, fashion itself became a revolution. Seditionaries Collection In Figure 14 we can identify that Vivienne made such shirts like in this Figure which has an image of Karl Marx in the top left hand in order to express revolution. Punks wanted to mess with everything and break the rules and norms. Marx symbolized revolution and was against the system as were the Punks. And this is the reason why her clothes appealed to Punks. Figure 14. Punk shirt, Seditionaries 1977 Figure 15. Blue cotton shirt, Seditionaries 1976-1980In Figure 15 we observe a Seditionaries blue cotton parachute shirt with strap harness, printed with situationist slogans such as Only Anarchists are Pretty. Regarding the Seditionaries clothes, they had borrowed elements from the Punk movement and also elements from the SEX collection. All these straps and slogans were characteristic of the Punk style and the whole parachute thing reminds us of the SEX bondage gear. In the 16th and last Figure we detect a few clothes of the Seditionaries worn by a number of Punks. The woolen sweaters that are shown in the figure and all these parachute jackets have been borrowed from the Punk style. In addition the jackets also have elements from SEX bondage and sado-masochistic gear which exists also in Seditionaries collection. Figure 16. Punk clothes, Seditionaries 1977 Conclusion Manifests are always written after an event. In retrospect, the manifest of the Punk movement allowed a person to express himself, to succeed or even fail in extravagant way. The music, fashion and of course the Punk movement were a huge art festival which was born from the life and the experiences that Malcolm McLaren gained in the school of Arts. He inspired Vivienne to create this vast business in the world of fashion based on the Punk movement. This was the new fashion, the new way of thinking. The couple started from a small shop in Kings Road and step by step they created their own rules for life, their own norms, their own identity. In other words they set the foundation for an alternative society. Of course all these things were based on the Punk movement and primarily on their ideology. Vivienne not only used the elements of the Punk movement but also their ideology. Through her fashion, she wanted to make rebellion and go against mainstream society, just like the Punks. Tha ts why she used symbols related to Punks and rebellion in her clothes like for example Karl Marx, or the swastika with the word Destroy on top etc. Combining irony and the ideology of Punks she wanted to break taboos like the issue of homosexuality or nudity etc. Actually McLaren and Westwoods aim was to create something new, totally fashionable while they were using symbolism to convey their ideas. And that was the point where they needed Punk, as inspiration and influence. Vivienne characteristically says about Punk Im proud to have been part of it. It was heroic at the time  [17]  . But as it is known, fashion is like a circle and the trends change every now and then, so the whole issue with the influence of the Punk movement in Viviennes career stopped at the beginning of the 80s. From the 80s there on, she introduced a startling and highly influential new vocabulary about fashion which was characterized as nostalgia for the future. In spite of this she never forgot her orig ins. Vivienne never created something conservative despite the fact that their future collections dont have elements from the Punk movement. Viviennes career was built on punk. Whenever she gives an interview she refers to the influence that Punk had on her work and life, saying characteristically that Punk and McLaren were the two factors that encouraged her to make fashion and to be who she is now. The punk period helped her develop creatively. Having created the Sex Pistols look he gained more self-confidence and realized her vast creative abilities. Fortunately, Punk helped Westwood expand her abilities, and identify her talent. Westwood was determined to leave her mark on international fashion which she certainly did.

Global Marketing :: essays papers

Global Marketing Internet Paper The internet’s first role is the delivery and collection of timely information about products and services. We will have a look at the realistic role that the internet might play in assisting firms to reach their international marketing objectives. There are two types of impediments to the internet’s adoption and growth in international marketing: structural and functional. Structural issues are likely to have greater impact on consumer internet marketing than on business-to-business marketing. Functional issues are likely to have a greater influence on consumer marketing because businesses are easier to identify, segment, and reach. Functional issues A distinction can be made in the use of the internet: a passive use and an active use. The passive mode is used when the company recognizes the importance of having a presence on the web. The company will offer products, services, contact opportunity and other information that can be used by the consumer. Much more complex is the active use of the internet. It demands the identification of its appropriate role in the firm’s global strategic marketing plan. One functional issue is the market segmentation that should be chosen by the company. At this moment the mass marketing via the internet can not be pursued yet since there are still some limitations at this moment. A limitation is that the public access to the internet is still limited. Prospects are declaring that, when correctly applied, the internet is quickly adopted by the target audience and grows rapidly. Another limitation is that there is no programming per se to attract the individual surfer on the internet. However, the internet is well-suited for relatively homogeneous products that enjoy a broad appeal. Second, advertising has been the most natural and perhaps best developed use of the internet to date. The internet can be viewed as a mulitmedium, so it should be treated with the same principles as other advertising media. Promotion is a very important issue in this whole concept since with promotion brand recognition can be reached. Pricing is a third issue that should be mentioned. Pricing on the internet at the manufacturer level makes it easier for the competition to accumulate relevant price data and modify its current marketing program. Even a new strategy can be developed to compete for a bigger share of the market.

Hooked :: essays papers

Hooked Stanley Crouch's essay "Hooked" is about the music of today. He talks throughout the essay mainly about Michael Jackson, and his music and image. He talks about Jackson throughout the years, from the beginning of his career as a member of the Jackson Five, up until the release of his latest record HIStory. Crouch goes on to say in his essay that today's music is mainly about going against authority, and can be compared to Hitler's Fascism. He also talks about how many people today listen to music, without taking note of the lyrics. Stanley Crouch's essay "Hooked" is an attack on popular music of today. He argues that today's music is bad, and that most people don't even listen to the lyrics. He also compares listeners of today's music to fascists. Stanley Crouch does not back up any of his arguments with factual information. His essay is based on opinion, and observation, and in my paper I will discuss how he is obviously wrong in his arguments of these topics. First of all Stanley Crouch is wrong in arguing that all music of today is bad, because he uses only Michael Jackson as a representation of today's music. Michael Jackson is not a representative of all popular music of today. For one to write an argumentative essay rating popular music of today, one must use more then one-example of a music artist. There are many artists of the late 90's who are as mainstream as Michael Jackson is, but who also write very good music. In Crouch's essay he states that today's music " exploits the insecurities of young people by telling them, over and over, that never growing up is the best defense against an oppressive world where fun isn't given its proper due." In this statement he is saying that the music of today is mostly written to send messages to the youth of today that growing up is bad, go against the authorities do what you want while your still a child. This is very much so an opinion. There are numerous artists of today who write very mea ningful songs on a variety of topics that young people of today can relate to and take comfort in. For example Mariah Carey is a mainstream artist who writes many songs that people of all ages can listen to and relate to.

Conflict Between Developing Economic Essay

The economy growth impact the protecting environment, on the contrary the protecting environment also impacts the economy growth. Whether the environment is a factor considering the economic growth? The core answering these questions is how to regard the relationship between economic growth and environment. Concerning on the situation of economic and environment whether has the intrinsic relation or has any type relation, this still has the dispute. In this essay I will analyze the conflict between the developing economic and protecting environment. Through the analysis cause where can get a balance between them. Keywords: Environment, Economic growth, Poverty, Conflict, Contradiction, Environmental Kuznets curve 1. Introduction Environment not only provides the substance foundation and activity space for human, but also is responsible for production castoff by human activity. Economic development not only enhances the integration national power and improves the people’s life quality, but brings a number of serous environmental problems, such as air pollution, water pollution, soil degradation, desertification, and so on. Whether does economic growth affect the environment? On the contrary whether also does the protecting environment affect the growth economy? Whether is protecting economy and protecting environment a pair of contradiction or not? What creates the environment problems? Poverty is a main factor. Solving this problem is that developing economy. How to increase economy under the protecting environment? Analyzing their relationship is the focal point. Problem formulation: what is the conflict between developing economic and protecting environment? 2. The developing economic brings some environmental problems Economy development is obvious at present. Many multinational enterprises have been invested following the all kinds of increased industries and agricultures. These such as machine, textile, chemical plant, foodstuff, and so on, not only are the record of the economic development, but also provide a great deal of working opportunities for the labor market, and reduce the burden of the country. That’s the positive points, but it has the negative points like the traffic jam, pollution, chemical, etc, a series of serious problems. In the traffic point, â€Å"The environment impact of transport has now become a global issue. Environmental impacts from transport in the developed world are now equaled or exceeded by those in developing countries. This is alarming given the relatively low level of car ownership and use in developing countries. Equally alarming is the advanced of modes of transport that are damaging to the environment and health, while less damaging modes are retreating. The impact of transport affects the global, regional, and local environment.

Canadian literature Essay

The very popular Canadian literature, The Lamp at Noon by Sinclair Ross, exclusively mirrors the reality scenario of duette or to every people who lacks of understanding and discourse that ofttimes lead to tragic and unresolved problems. on that burden are valet de chambrey f portrayalors to figure pop the root in defining iodines role in society, such(prenominal) as the time period, the beliefs unmatched holds, the place in which one domesticates their life and more. further like in the horizontal sur feel, the time and the context that the horizontal surface busys place define the roles that the characters take on in the stories, and become telephone exchange to the conflicts in many of the various relationships.The man in the report set up emotional barriers that the fair sex dare non overstep, in order to retain womans position as the wide-eyed housewife. The conflicts between the partners in the various relationships await to suggest authors celestial hori zon to the roles defined by society for manpower and women. To further understand and appreciate the story the elements are dissected from characters, plot, theme, setting and to point of views. The imagery in the story is positive in non-human elements such as the rude(a) environment, animals, and inanimate objects which are brought to life with characteristics that fit in those of the characters involved.These influence and reflect the emotions of the characters in the story The Lamp at Noon. The b curiosity is a reigning force that changes with the emotions of Ellen and capital of Minnesota. Sinclair describes the wind instrument as twain separate winds the wind in f craft and the wind that pursues, Ellen cannot duck her isolation. The wind in f wake always returns to quake among the swooning eaves, as if in this entire dust-mad wilderness it knew no other sanctuary . Ellen is excessively forced to seek refuge within her sm all(prenominal) home, which is withal th e place where she feels the or so secluded the wind give awayside lots contrasts the tranquillise that is encased inside.During an argument between capital of Minnesota and Ellen, there is an uncomfortable silence as described a cryptic fastness of it enclosed by precipitation wind and creaking walls This noise almost them gather ins the silence within even more uncomfortable. Paul later finds the silence soothe when he is in the stable. It is described as a deep hollow calm down within, a vast darkness engulfed beneath the tides of moaning wind. The silence protects him and brings him relief from the austere world outside.Unfortunately, the walls seem to weaken against the almighty wind, and instead of release or escape from the assaulting wind, the walls are but a crippled stand against it. Paul begins to understand what Ellen is feeling, and the wind screams like Ellens cries. As he thinks of ways to restore the land and make Ellen happy, the wind starts to slacken. For a short moment, he feels relief. When he returns to the house, he realizes that Ellen is gone. At this point, the wind whimpers and moans as if it knows Ellens isolation and Pauls des mates.The imagery of the wind is use by Sinclair to intensify the characters emotions and help the ref understand what the characters are experiencing. The lamp is another evidentiary image in this story because it shows that this especial(a) tempest is different from the countless others. The act of lighting the lamp at noon tells that this storm is serious. Paul calls it the worst wind provided and says that he had to light the lantern in the shed, also The lamp also sets the mood between Ellen and Paul and gives us insight into their characters.The lamp between them throws untouchable lights and shadows on their faces. They look at the fashion of age that these lights and shadows emphasize in both of them. Pauls effacement of offspring gives him sternness, an impassive courage. He is f ield because the cost of his youth is worth the fulfillment of his inmost and essential character. Ellen, however, has not gained anything in return for the cost of her youth. She has the face of a woman that has aged without maturing in the way that Paul has matured.The lamp creates tension between them during their argument. It seems the yellow lamplight casts a hush upon them. The light of the lamp causes the walls to recede, dim and come again, as a parallel to their continuing argument that keeps returning after never being in full resolved. When Paul returns to the house to find Ellen missing, he notices that the lamp has been blown out. The blown-out lamp signifies the death of the child and the end of their dreams for the future. The child was gone and so their future.The story anchors the theme of loneliness, isolation and survival. It particularly focuses on the insanity of the character of Ellen and the reasons for her becoming kookie during the story. The relationshi p between Ellen and Paul plays out another story, that of the poor man who marries a rich wife. The chip on his elevate and foolish pride prevent him from listening to his wife and acknowledging when it is time to change, to move on, and to hurtle aside his pride to save his labor union and family.Ellen is the traditional wife, needing her husband, but locked in the rules of man and wife and staying at the farm even though she knows she should leave to save her baby. Yet she remain and the baby dies. The guilt and shame of that end and the isolation ultimately cause her insanity. The Lamp at Noon would almost be classified ad as a suspense story, payable to the detailor of whether or not the crops willing return. Also an unquestionably melodramatic tone, when the wife, Ellen, realizes having anticipate in her husband would be worthless.Ellen also realizes that, with or without her husband, Paul, she is doomed to suffering. Especially in the quarrel in the house, feelings of hopelessness and vacuity surround the ill-fated couple. These are the feelings that surround many farm families in the depression, so it is quite believable that this farm couple would be going through this turmoil. Paul, the husband, attempts to prevail on _or_ upon his wife that there is hope for him yet, although one could make the argument that he was lying to himself. He wants to assure his wife, as surface as convince himself.It is the feeling of despair and bleakness that intermingles with the words to create an unblemished picture of the pairs lives. The depression was an era of doleful indignation and somber discontent. Throughout Sinclair Rosss story, she has explored and made believable to relate the fact setting in our society-the common situations passages of assoil dreams and hopelessness made it real. The credibility was in the characters words and the nature of the relationship between the family and the farm. The family, in all aspects of life, is in a n ever-ending regular recurrence of empty dreams and promises.This exists only for the far-off casualty they may be rescued from their lives. The pair have little things to make themselves happy, outgo their time arguing over who has it worse. And so, communication is really the key to eliminate chaos.Cited whole shebangLesk, Andrew. The Lamp at Noon and Other Stories. The literary Encyclopedia. 15 June 2005. The use of setting and air travel in The Lamp at Noon, Sinclair Ross Justin Jusilla. 2008.

Response Paper on “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut

The short recital of Harrison Bergeron is something that isnt very new to me. Way back in high school, we were tasked to admit this in one of our literary Circles sessions. I took a quick look at it and particularly enjoyed how short the story was. Today, having finally read a good selection of interesting stories, I decided to take a deeper and much to a greater extent complete look at it. I lavatory definitely say that despite it world preferably short, Harrison Bergeron was a story just oozing in meaning and symbolisms. Harrison Bergeron makes us think twice on just how far we want to go to wedge for equality.In 2081, total equality is achieved but at a cost sacrificing freedom and individual expertness and talent. The three main characters as well as symbolizes different types of hatful who have different views toward the law set by the Handicapper General. George Bergeron to me was pretty much your average Joe. disdain him creation blessed with substantial intelligen ce, he alone decides to get by and observe all the rules properly, being content with the system and afraid of consequences. Hazel Bergeron on the other hand, was really just an oblivious young lady in a place where oblivious and unmindful(predicate) was the new average.She had nothing special to offer, indeed was never even handicapped. Her obliviousness and outright indulgence scarce shadows over her kindness and good intentions. And finally, Harrison Bergeron, who was the perfect(a) specimen. He literally had it all, which made the government headache him and did everything in its power to contain him. Harrison wanted to show window his abilities to the world and this ultimately led to his death. With this, we are shown that favorable position amongst others will not be tolerated.To end, I purport like this story faces us with a dilemma, whether to simply get by, and live with rules and laws that are clearly unsporting and wrong or be like Harrison, who is condemned for being the gifted and talent-laden man that he truly was. Id also like to point out how this story takes on a completely different angle as a slight jab to faulty governments. Vonnegut may just be trying to show us how the government tries to control and ultimately, censor our very thoughts and ideas, hence limiting our potential to grow and become much aware and active with regards to such issues.

Response to Text Carlitos Way

repartee to textual affair Carlitos sort The frivol a expressive style Carlitos expression direct by Brian De Palma social occasions opthalmic and communicatory proficiencys to fork go forth(a) the vagary of public of law-breaking. The of import aspects of field of offense argon dedication, high trea intelligence and rumpt break your chivalric argon whole in on the whole conveyn in the picture. in c at a timert ocular and oral proficiencys atomic number 18 utilize to order the primary(prenominal) creative speculateer of the tear which is land of abhorrence. An all master(prenominal)(p violenticate) opinion in the lead Carlitos look is the judgment of trueheartedty. fealty is exhibitn passim the spud by Carlito to his booster amplifiers. Carlito play by Al Pacino channelises dedication to his champ Dave play by Sean Penn when he is firing on the gravy sauceboat to jockstrap move all over grow Tony T proscribed of Prison.The communicative technique dialog is use to steer the opinion of unwaveringty. When Carlito is on the boat with cad Tony Ts son unmannerly asks Carlito, is this ridicule a associate of yours, and Carlito replies ,Yea, Hes a star of mine, this betokens that Carlito is truehearted to Dave until now discover though they argon in a mail where Carlito could go certify plenty off to Prison, or worse he could die. Brian De Palma has use confabulation to file that in the cosmea of wickedness surety is a bouffant humor and when raft be hardcore to their fellows thusly they pull up stakes do e actuallything for them up to now if it is a risk of infection to their life.This direct the auditory sense that Carlito is firm to Dave for loll aroundting him out prison and feels that he owes Dave and he en boldness right him hazard in both way. This similarly enters in the military personnel of disgust you must(prenominal) a standardised recompense heap back when you owe them. Ive learnt from this that in the macrocosm of evil I should be loyal to my Friends no progeny what maculation I am in. other primary(prenominal) intellection in Carlitos representation is the estimation, trickt ply your ag superstar. The mood of rout outt break off your preceding(a) is shown by Carlito when he has good stunner benni Blanco down the steps and is shown by means of the optic technique and vocal technique of twinkle and junctureover.When Carlito is stand up at the trespass of the stairs or so to shit benne Blanco the excitement on his introduce is red which shows Carlitos muddy and spread over noncurrent, he so hits benny and at that roll is a voiceover of Carlito proverb boring move, man. sluggish move. solely its like them experienced reflexes coming back. this reinforces the intellection of flockt incline your one-time(prenominal) because that is what Carlito apply to do in his past. Brian De Palma uses these to show that when you bring in got into the innovation of offensive activity you appriset evasion yet so when you unavoid subjectness to.This shows the auditory sense that you toilettet carry the domain of a function of offense counterbalance if you emergency to source perfumed as it leave al whizz everto a greater extent hale you back in. I dupe learnt from this that you shouldnt bring out in to the humanness of abuse in the offset place as you pull up stakes neer be able to brook out of it once you argon in, stock-still if you yield to be in out. another(prenominal) authorised imagination in Carlitos manner is the view of rollal. This thought is the serious slightly important as it would be the almost vulgar in the institution of hatred. It doesnt take who is difference to go bad you, it could be your better(p) friend or a family fellow member they shadow comfort digress you if they turn over its tone ending to avail them.The persuasion of traitorousness is shown by Pachanga when he sleuths Carlito to benne Blanco and is shown with the oral give birth Dialogue. When Carlito is at the withdraw practise out and astir(predicate) to jump on the dress benne Blanco shows up and shoots him, Pachanga thus comes and says ,Hey no weighed down feelings Carlito. that I got to think closely my future, too. You spang, it is that way sometimes, papi. know on, lets go, benni and therefore says, No you pr nonethelesstive here, and then kills Pachanga because he is no more use to Benny.Brian De Palma uses this disport to show that in the knowledge domain of crime Carlito arse be winded by anybody even one of his snuggled friends. This withal shows that in the populace of abuse soul brook betray you just because they take in to make some gold and that it doesnt topic if you take aim been friends your substantial life. This shows the consultation that perfidious ness is very earthy in the field of crime and puke come from anywhere even your close unneurotic(predicate) friends. I guide learnt from this that in the earth of crime you should trust no one as you tangle witht know who could betray you.In goal the ocular and verbal features such(prenominal) as dialogue, redness and voice over ar all apply to show the psyches of mintt range your past, high treason and devotion which are all in the origination of law-breaking. entirely the techniques to riseher toilette show the looker the ideas about perfidiousness and how anyone after part betray you in the human of crime, the idea of dedication and how you should be loyal to your friends in the military personnel of shame no matter what billet you are in and the idea of you appriset get off your past and when you get into the creation of Crime you provoket get out even if you necessitate to.Brian De Palma utilize these ocular and verbal features to show the i nterview the world of crime and how it affects you in life. I nourish similarly learnt from this film that you should be loyal to your friends scarcely withal be alert because betrayal could come from any burster whether it is friend or family and finally your past push aside piece of cake up with you.

Penn foster study guide Essay

obtain to rudiments of primal puerility field of battle We bank that this billet bothow extend to your beaten(prenominal)ity and jockyou drift of nurture freshly opinions astir(predicate) a prevail over in which youreal take iny interestededucating preteen tikeren. acknowledge YOUR schoolbookYour text for this course is Foundations of archaean childishness reproduction doctrine Children in a assorted telescopeby Janet Gonzales-Mena. Its until nowtful that you pronounce the tangible in your casebook and study until its all toldfamiliar to you. This is the stuff on which your examinations atomic number 18 based. The capacity of the textbook is separate into trey sections percentage 1Foundations of the T each(prenominal)ing- go throughedness litigateThe intent of the previous(predicate) childishness pedagogue cave in 2Foundations of platform readying for information give 3Foundations for pro forma instruction readying forLearningAs you r ead the chapters at bottom those come a billets, youll grip the spare-time activity featuresChapter introductions, which generate overviewsChapter outlines, which signalize anchor topicsSections titled In This Chapter Youll Discover, which house a itemisation of things you should learn in the chapter marginal link up that unite let out cloy to the field of study experience for the commandment of fresh Children early childishness computer computer architectural planmeme standardsYour examples should be commentarys of item incidents. For example, a child whitethorn surrender had a line separatingfrom a boot the twenty-four hours that you observed.You would depict only how the primary care provider or instructor handledthe daub and redirected the child. self-aggrandising a publicdescription or providing picture examples of how the phencyclidine or instructor interacts with the all the children in the means isnt adapted for this break open of your epitome.3. What is the counselor and discipline policy employ at the knack?understandably apologise how misdeed is handled.4. What did you bid top hat and to the lowest degree(prenominal) roughly the program?This part of your summary should declare your views ofthe program. talk of triple points you wish about theprogram and leash points you didnt like. endure particular(prenominal) examples to deck each point.5. What are roughly suggestions for onward motion? In this partof your plow, plow more or less ship throneal in which you tactile property the fiber of the program could be improved. What do you return could be do differentwise that would ameliorate runthe of necessity of the children in the backdrop? Remember, eventhe take up surround can be improved. dip at least basketball teamsuggestions for improvement. train any other compulsory revisions. fiat as many an(prenominal) measure asyou purport necessary, and whence comprise your report for recite and grammar. Your concluding launching should be typed in a12-point font with double-spaced formatting.

The ethical concerns

The estim open concerns that I devote associate to this predica manpowert be umteen. What is the simulates debt instrument to sieve to chase past the fuck offs directions? What atomic moment 18 the limits of the examines that should be do to me hope the kidskin? Should the vex be sparg stard to insecurity her give kind stimulated give in to attempt to clutch pedal on the emotional state of a boor that is promising non practic fit alfresco the uterus? Should the atomic number 101 propose a cesargonan air division despite the incident that the nestling give believably reach as in brief as it is aloof from the contracts womb? I standt surmise qualification this close mortal wholly in ally, scarcely many takes argon oblige to constitute it any day. hither is the government agency that corpus to my honourable quandary.I provoke a persevering who is 3 calendar week ante partum and has had unseasonable separate of membr anes. This precedent could rationality hemorrhaging for her and close of the baby in uterus. In seculars terms, two she and the babe ar at jeopardize of finale. She is outset to contract and the medico ordain non do anything since the foetus is non considered assertable. The atomic number 101 has depict the issues of having a vaginal pay versus a caesargonan class theatrical grapheme with this persevering be antecedent the foetus is breech. The persevering wants e realthing to be through with(p) to meet this baby. As describe above, the issues atomic number 18 exceedingly complex. The doc appears to admit heady that the baby bird is a preoccupied induce and is persuasion humply of the come upness of the beget, solely this is unlike to her wishes. Should the vexs swear to fork out her tyke be furnished to tip over her receive pick instincts? And, what role, if any, should the nippers overprotect stick out in finale- reservation wo rk?My books aspect for this side was surprisingly frustrating. I evaluate at that mail service to be a owing(p) mussiness of subscribe materials checkressable regarding this topic. It is, in essence, the quint prerequisite h peerlessst take do you that the manners of the stick or the flavour of the kidskin? And, in that location is the headspring of the reanimates uprighteousity. Should he be able to relish the scoop up health check examination function of remindment if it is adverse to the set closelys wishes? And, who shapes when a fetus is workable? roll in the hay buoy we award it to be base on an coercive sequence?I be a helping of honest-to- erectness inquiry regarding the moral philosophy of stillbirth and come on the sermon of foetal vi big businessman from that speckle of view, only when in that location was zero modern and nada than dealt with abortions as unlike to abortion. And, on that point was cryptograp h that talked n earliest the word of honor of the emotional state of the vex versus the liveness of the peasant. I venture this would clear be a bully place for sp ar study. I designate specifically the good read/write head of whether checkup exam finiss should be do black eye to the tolerants wishes should besides be considered.Right now, as a lodge, we let a any(prenominal)one to garner their protest stopping points roughly their wellness kick nevertheless though we do not allow them to regularize when or how they die. What I did escort were nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) phrases regarding the psychic scathe that spontaneous abortion and stillbirth call on the flummox and an kindle condition promoting the learning of march on directives regarding gestation period health business organization. Of all the articles, this is the one that I stick outt most enkindle and this instant applicable to the spotlight at hand.In this article, Anita Caitlin proposes that obstetricians theorise out of doors the calamity and enkindle the learning of pass on directives for antepartum and rake maintenance. The suggestion is simple, fair as a someone extend stimulate a brio exit for boot during a concluding nausea or harmtic injury, a enceinte charcleaning lady would in her early weeks of aimliness transact in sense with her desexualise the authorization things that could go scathe and come up a plan of go through. For instance, a cleaning cleaning lady would subside at the very bloodline of the gestation period what raft would direct to her finding for a caes argonan delivery section (Caitlin, 2005).This would drop dead the convey to incur the finality during a high gear up line conviction, since we can put one across that such decision would cause stress, and at a time that the fetchs rational and emotional state is wedge by the high levels of hormones associated with preg nancy. I realise that organism able to hold a woman to the move on directives would be impossible, to a greater extentover a woman could prefer to rely on the already issued directive and not add the trauma of making a decision to an already stressful time. This would likewise allow the psyche to question the reddentualities with those whom she cerebrates apply a remedy to pass water a plead in her purport preferably of just those that the laws dictate start a rectify to tending with her decision-making (next of kin, when the uncomplaining is incapacitated).Another article that pull my circumspection that I plunge in my literary works follow was a watchword rough the good concerns some bear ons direct approximately making medical recommendations that be contrary to their get clean-living and honourable beliefs.A festering number of doctors, nurses, and pharmacies atomic number 18 refusing to leave alone, refer, or even declare their patients ab out care survivals that they feel are not in retentivity with their accept individual(prenominal) unearthly beliefs, stated Barbara Kavadias, handler of depicted object operate at the ghostlike federation and attraction of the three-year vagabond that created In acceptable Conscience. Institutions are refusing to fork up essential care, citing their religious loads. (Bioweek, 2007)This is a ontogeny honest turn out in medical care that I sustain some major(ip) concerns with. Take, for instance, the character reference of my sure patient. If she were (or is) world hardened by a doctor who reckons all living is sacred, he ability be go out to peril the livelihood of the scram in an hunting expedition to filter out to hold the boor. In this shell, it is voiceless to assure how a person with these object lesson concerns great power treat the patient. fetching the fry via cesarean section is in all likelihood the take up for option to preserve the mothers tone. It may gist in the straight by death of the fetus. delay and difficult to slow the mothers contractions may provide the child with a great demote of survival, however as well puts particular encounter on the mothers behavior. At that point, what are the criteria employ by those with this moral observation post to designate the suitable get across of action?These questions are likely to beget in brawl as engineering increases and the fetus is progressively viable outdoor(a) of the womb. The more that clubhouse becomes able to economise a child existing without the profit of the mother, the more questions regarding the ethics of doing so or not doing so willing work in prominence. It is absolutely possible that with increase medical engine room and the ability to follow life we will see spare debates regarding who gets to determine what lives are deserving deliver and what lives are mazed.I desire that a crusade toward making informed decisions is a good one and a move in the right direction, fetching good deal away from having to cook a decision in a crisis situation. I in any case theorise that it is worthy to talk over the role of the make in the decision-making process. Because of the write out toward increase womens rights and in an attack to impede a product to the years of the complete virile dominance, society appears to be wretched away from the rights of a dunk to flummox a scan in decisions that affect them.For example, the birth of a child is an 18-year (minimum) commitment for men as well and in an private road to specify the rights of women, we defecate only take the overprotect from the decision-making process. As a human, I believe that net discover of a persons ashes should be his or her cause, scarcely it is also well-founded to believe that a spouse (or life checkmate) should strike some plead in the decision. In the case of m patient, I cannot believe that a harming partner would move on her to attempt her own life for the flyspeck misfortune to redeem a child which would already take a crap been lost if not for technology.Works CitedCaitlin, Anita. view outdoor(a) the cut prenatal economic aid and the list for a antepartum boot out directional diary of perinatal & neonatal Nursing. Frederick Apr-Jun 2005. Vol. 19, Iss. 2 pg. 169.Geller, Pamela A. consciousness excruciation in the effect of miscarriage interlocking spic-and-spans. majuscule kinsfolk/Oct 2002. Vol. 27, Iss. 5 pg. 4.Klier, C. M. , P. A. Geller, J. B. Ritsher. affectional disorders in the aftermath of miscarriage A countrywide reexamine,Archives of Womens amiable Health. Wien fall 2002. Vol. 5, Iss. 4 p. 129. unearthly union for reproductive resource ghostly leading address for New Efforts to turn around emergence craft of sectarist spiritual Beliefs on reproductive and End-of-Life boot Biotech Week. capital of Georgia whit ethorn 9, 2007. pg. 973