Stephen J. Hawking By Rachel Finck :: essays research papers

Stephen J. hawk by Rachel FinckStephen Hawking was born in January of 1942 in Oxford, England. He grewup near London and was educated at Oxford, from which he received his BA in 1962,and Cambridge, where he received his doctorate in theoretical physics. StephenHawking is a brilliant and highly productive researcher, and, since 1979, he hasheld the Lucasian professorship in mathematics at Cambridge, the very chair onceheld by Isaac Newton. Although still relatively young, Hawking is already beingcompared to such great intellects as Newton and Albert Einstein. Yet it shouldbe noted that since the early 1960s he has been the victim of a progressive andincurable motorneurone disease, ALS, that now confines him to a wheelchair.This affliction prevents Hawking from reading, writing, or calculating in adirect and simple way. The bulk of his work, involving studying, publishing,lecturing, and worldwide travel, is carried on with the help of colleagues,friends, and his wife. Of his illness , Hawking has said that it has enhancedhis career by giving him the freedom to think about physics and the Universe.Stephen Hawking has written many essays involving the coordinated supposition,which is a theory summarizing the entire of the forcible world a theory thatwould stand as a complete, consistent theory of the physical interactions thatwould describe alone possible observations. Our attempts at modeling physicalreality normally consists of two parts a) A set of local laws that are obeyedby the various physical quantities, formulated in terms of differentialequations, and b) Sets of boundary conditions that tell us the state of someregions of the universe at a certain time and what effect propagate into itsubsequently from the rest of the universe. Presently, physicist are stilltrying to unify two separate theories to describe everything in the universe.The two theories are the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.Albert Einstein formulated the general th eory of relativity almostsingle-handedly in 1915. First, in 1905, he developed the special theory ofrelativity, which deals with the impression of people measuring different timeintervals, while moving at different speeds, yet measuring the same speed forthe speed of light, regardless of velocity. In 1915, he developed the generaltheory of relativity. This theory dealt with the concept of gravity as adistortion of space-time, and not just a force at heart it.Einsteins original equations predicted that the universe was eitherexpanding or contracting. Einsteins equations showed that mass and energy arealways positive, which is why gravity always attracts bodies toward each other.

Quit Wasting Valuable Time and Resources Essay -- Argumentative Educat

Quit Wasting Valuable Time and Resources It is vital that present and future generations of school children in American public schools continue to be taught and escort Charles Darwins theories about evolution. Battles consent been waged by Americans both in and out of the courtroom for generations so that educators may return the privilege to choose appropriate scientific curriculum for our students. If America is to continue to be a leader of scientific research, young minds must be educated, not stifled by attempts to bring theology into the schools. The very idea of development valuable time in our schools to muddy the educational process with ideas such as Creationism or Intelligent Design infringes upon American civil rights. To allow biblical interpretations to be taught as science in our schools is an affront to this nations constitutional protection to worship as one and only(a) pleases. Because of our extremely technical world today, action postulates to be take n so that every American child has the opportunity to understand science and continues to have the right to be taught about Darwins theory of evolution in the public schools. We must continue to help our future generations progress, using the scientific foundation we have struggled to establish in our schools. It is essential to dispel fears, reason with religious zealots and ensure that the rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court are upheld. There is no reason to go back in time and argue moot issues, when there are so many other educational challenges in our schools that need our attention. Americans need to move on and help our children stay up with the modern world.The issue of evolution is certainly not new. As a matter of fact, it has been a source of interest and... ...ycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning, endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. (Darwin, 460).Work CitiedBrown, James H., Evolutio n. World Book of Encyclopedia. Vol. 22. 2003. Carl Zimmer, Evolution. New York Harper Collins, 2001.Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. New York Avenel Books, 1976.Costa, James T. Teaching Darwin to Darwin. Bioscience 53 (2003) 1030.Cracraft, Joe. The New Creationism and Its flagellum to Science Literacy and Education. Bioscience 54 (2003) 3.Graz, Steve. Evolution just a theory in Nebraska. Skeptic 7 (1999) 20.Intelligent Design. encyclopedia.com (2002)School Criteria. encyclopedia.com (2003)Tom McGowen, The Great hob Trial, Science vs. Fundamentalism in America. New York Franklin Watts, 1990.

Fodor’s Misconstrual of Wittgenstein in the Language of Thought :: Philosophy Essays

Fodors Misconstrual of Wittgenstein in the Language of Thought In his book, The Language of Thought, Jerry Fodor claims that i) Wittgensteins private language argument is non in fact against Fodors theory, and ii) Wittgensteins private language argument isnt really any good (70). In this paper I expect to show that Fodors second claim is patently false. In aid of this I will consider Wittgensteins Philosophical Investigations (243-363), Jerry Fodors The Language of Thought (55-97), as wholesome as Anthony Kennys Wittgenstein (178-202). First I shall summarize Wittgensteins argument then I will examine Fodors response and explain wherefore it is fallacious. In my view, Fodor is wrong because he takes Wittgenstein to be a verificationist, and also because he makes a false analogy between people and computers. Anthony Kenny, in his book Wittgenstein, provides a concise summary and penetrating interpretation of Wittgensteins so-called private language argu ment (henceforth PLA). According to Kenny, the basic agenda of the PLA drop be summed up in a quotation from Wittgensteins Tractatus Scepticism is non irrefutable, but obviously nonsensical, when it tries to raise doubts where no questions can be asked. For doubt only can exist where a question exists, a question only where an answer exists, and an answer only where something can be said. (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 6.51) In making his argument, Wittgenstein addresses the belief that the acquaintance we have of our own experiences can be expressed to ourselves or others, and that this expression does not assume acquaintance with the external world or other minds. logically entailed by these beliefs is the idea that there is a private language in which dustup derive their meaning by being linked with private experiences. In other words, a subject forms internal ostensive definitions. This means simply that the subject is exposed to and attends to an experience and ass ociates it with a word. For Wittgenstein, this view is mistaken experience is not private, and words do not acquire meaning by bare ostensive definition. Wittgenstein takes private language to mean a language in which words refer to the immediate private sensations of the speaker in this manner of private ostensive definitions. If a speaker has a certain sensation, she does not necessarily have it away that sensation only from her own case.

Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron Essay -- Harrison Berger

Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron In this essay, I will attempt to seek what Kurt Vonnegut illustrated in his short story Harrison Bergeron--the fact that uniformity (of any kind) leads to the loss of individuality, and therefore to absolute deformity of humanness. The year was 2081, and everybody was finally agree, the story begins. They werent only equal before God and the law. They were equal in every which way. (Vonnegut 19687) In this haunting story, Vonnegut probably wanted to warn our society of similar kind of equality, equality that backside be fatal for human race. The theme of absolute equality has already appeared two years before Harrison Bergeron was published for the first time in fantasize and Science-Fiction Magazine (1961). It was Vonneguts novel The Sirens of Titan. However, in this work the theme is only a minor feature and is not really developed (see Vonnegut 1975158). The idea probably intrigued Ku rt Vonnegut and labored him to develop it into a short story. Those who are familiar with Kurt Vonneguts writing will certainly recognize some other themes of this story. For example the fear of de-humanization of human cosmoss, being stuck in amber (Harrisons inability to overthrow the system) and so forth. In Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut presented a scary view of a future society, where everyone was equal. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking for than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. (Vonnegut 19887). It was the job of the agents of the United States Handicapper General to keep it this way. Beautiful people had to wear u... ...g speciesism, we can end up manage in the short story by Kilgore Trout Hail to the Chief, where a chimpanzee became the President of the United States. The chimpanzee wore a little blue sport jacket with brass buttons, and wit h the seal of the President of the United States sewed to the breast pocket. Everywhere he went, bands would play Hail to the Chief. The chimpanzee loved it. He would bounce up and down. (Vonnegut 199288)ReferencesSturgeon, Theodore Godbody unfermented YorkVonnegut, Kurt Jr. Breakfast of Champions London 1992 Cox & Wyman Ltd.Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater raw(a) York 1978 Dell PublishingVonnegut, Kurt Jr.The Sirens of Titan London 1975 Coronet BooksVonnegut, Kurt Jr.Welcome to the Monkey House New York 1988 Bantam Doubleday, Dell Publishing

The Phonological Model of Dyslexia Essay examples -- Biology Essays Re

The Phonological Model of DyslexiaDoctor Morgan of Sussex, England, published the first case of what is now known as dyslexia in 1896. Dr. Morgan wrote about Percy F, a 14-year-old boy who was intelligent, bright, quick with learning games, and the intellectual equal of his peers. He fell behind, however, in his inability to learn how to read. Today, as in 1896, most people associate intelligence with the ability to read, but Percy F and the experience of millions of people with dyslexia breaks down the relationship between reading and intelligence (1). But, researchers were leave with the question, What causes dyslexia if intelligence is not the marker? The exact cause of dyslexia is unknown. However, researchers believe dyslexia is a reading disability with underlying genetic, developmental and neurological causes (8). People with dyslexia have dither reading despite normal or high intelligence and exposure to sufficient language instruction. Specific reading problems apparent in dyslexia include replacement of words and letters, difficulty in pronouncing new words, difficulty in making a distinction between similarities and differences in words (on for no), and difficulty in acute differences in letter sounds (ten, tin) (2). In order to understand the specific reading problems associated with dyslexia, it is important to know how the brain conceptualizes language. The brain recognizes language in a hierarchical order. The upper levels of the hierarchy deal with semantics (the meaning of words), syntax (grammatical structure), and discourse (connected sentences). The lowest levels of the hierarchy deal with breaking words into separate small units of sound called phonemes. Thus, onward words can be comprehended ... ...and Biological Unity by Paulesu et al. , on the Science Magazine Online net site http//www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5511/21657) Dyslexia akin Brains, Different Languages by Laura Helmuth , on the Science Magazine Online web si te http//www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5511/2064?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&titleabstract=Dyslexia&searched=QID_NOT_SET&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=&fdate=10/1/8) Fact canvas Dyslexia , on the Learning Disabilities Association web site http//www.ldanatl.org/factsheets/Dyslexia.shtml9) Beginning Reading And Phonological Awareness For Students With Learning Disabilities by Michael M. Behrmann , on the Kid Source web site http//www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/disability.phonological.html10) Brief Introduction to FMRI , on the FMRIB web site http//www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fmri_intro/

Misconceptions About Mrs. Hammond in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays

Misconceptions About Mrs. Hammond in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy some volume that read Kelroy incorrectly view Mrs. Hammond. She is labeled an evil person who is out for her own gain. Most people doubt that she even cares about her daughters Lucy and Emily. Mrs. Hammond is said to be vicious and sneaky, and will do whatever is necessary to accomplish her agenda. They commit Mrs. Hammond is so avid she will sacrifice her own daughters happiness so she can live out the rest of her life comfortably. These are all misconceptions of Mrs. Hammond. Mrs. Hammond is not the loathsome antagonist in this novel. The enemy in this novel is society itself for allowing Mrs. Hammonds actions in this story toward her daughters and Kelroy to be largely viewed as acceptable behavior. Mrs. Hammond is not a saint. Some of her actions were abhorrent. She (Mrs. Hammond) was a woman of fascinating manners, strong prejudices, boundless ambition. (Page 3) Mrs. Hammond had good manners. According to her society, she was a proper lady. She also had strong prejudices and boundless ambitions, and these are her qualities that create this evil fictional character placed on Mrs. Hammond. Mrs. Hammond has a strong temper. On page 102, Mrs. Hammond has a dialogue with the grocer. The grocer is trying to collect money for the food that Mrs. Hammond has received from his grocery. I dont believe it, cried Mrs. Hammond, for it is an impossibility that my family could have consumed articles to this amount. (Page 102) Mrs. Hammond speaks harshly toward this grocer for doing his job. Charles, who knew that the slightest liberty taken by a person not altogether agreeable to her, was sometimes enough to irritate Mrs. Hammond. (Page 141) The people around Mrs. Hammond recognized her temper. A great number of people have tempers. Tempers do not make them bad people. Mrs. Hammonds boundless ambition comes into play with Kelroy and Emily. Mrs. Hammond wants the out-and-o ut(a) best for Emily, and she truly believes that her plan for Emily to marry a man in the upper class is best for Emilys life. Mrs. Hammonds ambition forced her to try to stop Emily and Kelroys relationship.

Promotional Strategy Essay

at that place atomic number 18 miscellaneous ways to communicate with potential customers. promotional system includes a mix of advertising, publicity, gross sales promotions, personal selling, and public relations. Each component of the promotional mix plays a role in your effort to suck in potential customers short-change active your business and buy your goods or services. Your promotional strategy must address the who, what, when, where, and how much money to spend.The Who of Your publicityal StrategyNo business sack be all things to all people, and no business has an unlimited amount of money to spend on its promotions. You will need to be sure you command your effort and money to your tar occupy marketplace.The better you can identify who is in your come out market, where they live, what magazines and cleanspapers they read, what television directs they watch, and what radio stations they listen to, the higher the luck that you will be able to get their attention and see their behavior. If you can identify your target markets demographics, then you can check the listenership, viewership, and readership profiles for various media, including local radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and television stations. For example, if you are opening a clothing store and the primary target market is teenage girls, then you should review the rate of radio listenership in your geographic area. Most radio stations have a copy of the ratings. You will be able to determine which radio station has the highest listenership in that age category. The A. C. Nielsen rating service does the same for television viewership.The What of Your Promotional StrategyThe what involves determining the message you should communicate to your target market. Your promotional strategy is intend to take people who whitethorn have varying degrees of interest in your caseful of goods and services and get them to become your customers. You will need to know who they are, who they are currently buying from, why they are buying the goods and services, and to what extent they are still customers in search of a business.Your promotional strategy is intended to get the people in your target market to modify their behavior. The message you send to the people in your target market must be tailored to their kind frameworks. Your message must in addition provide the incentive for them to do business with you. Your promotional strategy should be based on (1) Who do you indispensability to influence? (2) What do you have to offer them that is better than the competition? and (3) What do I need to communicate to them to get them to become my customers?Your promotional strategy should emphasize your war-ridden advantage(s). Successful promotional strategies are based on the concept, If everyone is offering a steak, then you must sell your sizzle You must know what your target market values. Your strategy should highlight your businesss unique selling points/proposit ions.The When of Your Promotional StrategyThere are four major intervals for promoting your business. The beginning is preening promotion. It is very all important(predicate) for a new business to generate customer interest before your business opens its doors. You want your target market to be anxious for your business to open. some(a) businesses do teaser advertising. A teaser ad may be, the countdown has begun there are only 60 days until Company of Miami opens. This business may do teaser advertising by erecting a sign where the business will be located.Your business will also need to provide on-going promotions. Your existing customers will need to be kept informed about buzz offments in your business. You will also need to let potential customers learn about your business and its sizzle. Most new businesses tend to have a token grand opening promotion and do little after that. You need to develop an ongoing promotional program that will keep your business in your target ma rkets minds. If the world doesnt know about your trap plays advantages and the market doesnt know where your door is, then you will not sell a single mousetrap.The Where of Your Promotional StrategyYour promotional strategy will only be effective if its message gets to your target audience at the appropriate time. The where of promotional strategy involves the media you use to communicate with your target market. There are numerous avenues or media available for promoting your business. The key is to know which media will produce the best results. The media to be used will depend on to whom you want to direct your message, the nature of the message, and when it needs to be presented.Each type of media has advantages and disadvantages. Television offers color, movement, sound, and broad geographic coverage. Radio offers a means to get to a king-sized number of people at various times of the day and night. Newspapers offer daily coverage to a large percentage of an areas households. reckon mail permits you to send your message to a specific group of people. Billboards take advantage of a captive audience while people are in their automobiles. There is no one best medium for all businesses. There is no one best medium for every type of message.When asked which medium is the best, the dissolve can only be, The one that does the best job of attracting customers per dollar cost. Your promotion budget also influences media selection. You want to get the best return per dollar invested in promotion. One medium may cost less than another, but you need to determine which one will do the most effective job of get your message to your target market. businesses frequently evaluate media in terms of the cost of reaching each 1000 potential customers.The How Much to Spend Part of Your Promotional StrategyThe question of how much money to spend on promoting your business is very difficult to answer. Some businesses spend a certain percentage of communicate sales on promo tion-related activities. If, for example, you are trying to generate sales of $ 100,000 for the first year, then you may want to review trade data on your type of business to learn what percentage of sales you should spend on advertising. Bank of America reports that the average ad expenses for apparel stores is 2 to 3 percent of sales for bookstores, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of sales and for gift stores, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of sales. These figures reflect annual budgets for existing businesses. Your first years promotional budget will need to be a larger percentage of sales because your business will be unknown and you will be trying to divert customers from other businesses. The percentage-of-sales method may provide a general idea of how much to spend, but spending a certain percentage of sales on promotion does not assure that you will generate that level of sales.The best way to determine your promotional budget is to identify what you want to accomplish. This is known as the target approach. If you want to have 8 people come to you each week, then you need to determine what type and amount of promotion you will need to do to achieve that goal. You may find it will take 3 primetime radio spots per day on two different radio stations a two column, 3inch ad in the local newspaper on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays 2 billboards located on two major thoroughfares and 1000 direct mail promotions per month to achieve your goal. The target approach recognizes that you must reach a critical mass before your promotions will have an effect on the market.The percentage-of-sales approach indicates what businesses spent. The target approach determines what you ideate it will take to achieve your sales goal. The target approach is particularly appropriate for a new venture. There are two other approaches businesses may use to determine their promotional budgets. Some businesses simply try to match their competition. They monitor the number of radio spots aired and the amou nt of ad lieu in the newspaper. The businesses then match their major competitors promotional program.This approach has two flaws. First, it assumes that your competitors are doing the right type and amount of advertising. Second, if you dont do a better job of promoting your business than your competition, why should your target market do business with you? The other approach to developing a promotional budget is based on how much you can afford to spend. This may be the least effective approach. It assumes that you have allocated money to all of the other aspects of your business. every money that is left is what you can spend on promoting your business. You must recognize that you need to do promotions to generate sales. If you hope to have enough sales to communicate you with enough money to do promotions, then you have things backwards.It is interesting to note that most people are reluctant to spend much money promoting their business. This falter is quite natural. Money sp ent on promotions offers no assurance that it will bring in enough customers to justify the expense. One of the sayings about advertising is, solely one-half of advertising works. The problem is that you dont know in advance which half it will be However, promotions should be viewed as an investment that is inevitable to generate the level of sales needed to produce your targeted level of profit.The Promotional MixMost of the discussion of promotional strategy has been focused on advertising. Promotion also includes the name you choose for your business, its sign, personal selling techniques, point-of-purchase displays, special sales promotions, public relations, and publicity.Publicity may be particularly important for a new business. Publicity is defined as media coverage for which you dont pay. Many radio stations, newspapers, and television stations do features on new businesses when they open. If your business is the first of its kind in your area or if it has some special siz zle, you may be able to get the media to do a special feature on it. You should make every effort to get in touch with the media before your business opens. Publicity can be equivalent to thousands of dollars of free advertising. Publicity is also valuable because potential customers tend to pay more attention to features than to advertisements.

Create a speech on “Looking for Alibrandi” Essay

Looking for Alibrandi is a film which develops the notion of changing perspective through focusing on the central character Josies search for identity and belonging in the world and her relationships with other characters. Moreover, the use of music and camera shots is applied to certain scenes to emphasize Josies placement and feelings.The use of voice over is applied throughout the film by the main character Josie Alibrandi as it constantly reveals personal ideas and impressions from Josies point of view. During her final socio-economic class of High school, her life is turned upside overthrow. However, as she matures from being a very rebellious and determined girl to a more responsible and undergo young woman, perspectives of her own identity, her culture and the people around her change drastically.In Looking for Alibrandi changing perspectives is demonstrated through the concept of cultural background, Josie has to come to equipment casualty with her Italian heritage inclu ding Tomato Day or as she likes to call it National Wog Day, because her culture makes up who she is.Italian music is applied to this scene to symbolise there Italian culture and to allow the audience to gain some knowledge and understanding about their traditions and customs. Also, fast paced music is taken over towards the barricade of the scene to indicate the way she feels rushed and embarrassed about her culture.A key event in the film that changes Josies perspective is the meeting of her beget, Michael Andretti. Initially, Josie is hostile to her father and unsympathetic to his explanations. However, as certain events unfold, Josie begins to admire him and sentimental piano music is plays to convey the positive attitude she had towards the idea of having a father figure.Michael Andretti also faces a similar change in perspective of his daughter and his own perspective on fatherhood.Furthermore, another change in perspective is identity. Primarily, Josiebelieves due to her e thnic background, she was looked down upon. However, the experience of a close friends death causes her to realize the importance of family and that others have it much worse than her.In relation to John Bartons death, a close up of Josies face is captured to display her devastated yet numb expression along with harmonious tunes to mirror Josies grief.In conclusion, as demonstrated in Looking for Alibrandi, changing perspectives is an ongoing process in life and is can be both positive and negative. Without this process in life, a person cannot adapt to new situations and present themselves in life.

Concept of data mining and warehouse

Abstraction selective education excavation screw detect nurture hidden within valuable selective infos assets. Knowledge find, utilizing advanced entropy engineerings, peck bring out venas of surprising, aureate pe webrations in a mount personal of factual breedings. info excavation consists of panoply of powerful shits which atomic number 18 intuitive, wanton to explicate, apprehensible, and simple to put on. These advanced breeding engineerings include unreal intelligence methods ( e.g. adept systems, fuzzed logic, and so on ) , determination trees, regulation initiation methods, familial algorithms and familial scheduling, spooky webs ( e.g. back extension, associate memories, etc. ) , and constellating proficiencys. The synergism created between informations warehousing and informations excavation allows recognition searchers to leverage their monolithic informations assets, therefore bettering the quality and effectivity of their determinations. The turning dem ands for informations excavation and real-time analysis of information allow be a impulsive force in the development of new informations storage storage warehouse architectures and methods and, conversely, the development of new informations excavation methods and applications.Keywords Computer package, Data excavation, Data structuring, Knowledge- found systemsIntroductionData excavation is concerned with detecting new, meaningful information, so that determination shapers end larn every rubbish much as they raise from their valuable informations assets. lend oneself advanced information engineerings, cognition find in databases, can bring out venas of surprising and aureate penetrations in a mountain of factual informations. Data storage is a methodological analysis that combines and co-ordinates many a(prenominal) sets of diversified informations into a incorporate and consistent organic structure of utile information. In larger organisations, many different types of d rug users with varied demands must use the same monolithic informations warehouse to rec everywhere those pieces of information which best suit their alone demands.selective information Mining CONCEPTSData excavation can be defined as the coremons of researching and analysing big volumes of informations in order to detect interesting and concealed forms, regulations and relationships with informations. The intent of informations excavation is to let a spate to better its selling, unprocessed revenues and client support operations through better apprehension of its clients. Large corporation are utilizing informations excavation to turn up high-value clients, to jump their merchandise offerings to increase gross revenues and to minimise losingss due to error or fraud.HOW DATA MINING WORKSData excavation is a constituent of a wider procedure called cognition find from database . It involves scientists and statisticians, every bit good as those working in other Fieldss such as machine acquisition, unreal intelligence, information retrieval and pattern acknowledgment. onward a information set can be mined, it foremost has to be cleaned . This cleansing procedure removes mis stops, ensures consistence and takes losing values into history. Next, reckon machine algorithms are utilise to mine the clean informations looking for unusual forms. Finally, the forms are interpreted to bring forth new cognition.How informations excavation can help bankers in increase their concerns is illustrated in this illustration. Records include information such as age, sex, matrimonial position, business, figure of kids, and etc. of the bank s clients over the old ages are utilise in the excavation procedure. First, an algorithm is used to place features that distinguish clients who took out a peculiar sort of loan from those who did non. Finally, it develops regulations by which it can place clients who are plausibly to be good campaigners for such a loan. These r egulations are so used to place such clients on the balance of the database. Next, another algorithm is used to interpenetrate the database into bunch or groups of people with many alike(p) properties, with the hope that these might uncover interesting and unusual forms. Finally, the forms revealed by these bunchs are so interpreted by the information mineworkers, in coaction with bank forcesDATA WAREHOUSE CONCEPTSData repositing is a subject-oriented, integrated, historical and summarized informations in support of direction s determination devising.Capable orientedIt shops subject-oriented information such as clients, merchandises and pupils instead than the application countries such as client invoicing, stock list and pupil direction.IntegratedIt is the consolidation and integrating of corporate application-oriented informations from multiple scratch lines. The integrated informations beginning must be made consistent to show a incorporate position of the informations to the users.HistoricalData warehouse informations is historical. It represents snapshots overtime. Data is read merely because it is historical informations.SummarizedA information repositing system can frequently be summarized to an appropriate degree of item.A information warehouse provides information to help companies in determination devising. Companies can utilize the valuable information in a information warehouse to place tendencies. A information repositing is a procedure that canRetrieve information from the beginning systemsTransform informations into a utile format to put into the informations warehousePull off the databaseUse light beams for edifice and pull offing the information warehouseDATA Mining TOOLSOrganizations that wish to utilize informations excavation appliances can buy excavation plans designed for bing package and hardware platforms, which can be integrated into new merchandises and systems as they are brought online, or they can construct their ain economic consumption excavation solution. For case, feeding the end product of a information excavation exercising into another computing machine system, such as a nervous web, is rather common and can give the mined informations much value. This is because the informations excavation tool gathers the informations, while the 2nd plan ( e.g. , the nervous web ) functions determinations base on the information collected.Different types of informations excavation tools are available in the market place, each with their ain strengths and failings. Internal hearers need to be cognizant of the different sorts of informations excavation tools available and urge the purchase of a tool that matches the organisation s current detective demands. This should be considered every bit early as possible in the undertaking s lifecycle, possibly even in the feasibleness survey.Most informations excavation tools can be classified into one of lead classs traditional informations excavation tools, splashboar ds, and text-mining tools. Below is a description of each.Traditional Data Mining Tools. Traditional information excavation plans help companies set up informations forms and tendencies by utilizing a figure of labyrinthine algorithms and techniques. Some of these tools are installed on the desktop to supervise the information and high spot tendencies and others capture information residing outside a database. The mess are available in both Windows and UNIX versions, although some specialize in one operating system merely. In add-on, while some whitethorn focus on on one database type, most allow for be able to manage any informations utilizing on-line analytical processing or a similar engineering.Splashboards. Installed in computing machines to supervise information in a database, splashboards reflect informations alterations and updates onscreen frequently in the signifier of a chart or table enabling the user to see how the concern is executing. Historical informations bes ides can be referenced, enabling the user to see where things have changed ( e.g. , addition in gross revenues from the same spot last twelvemonth ) . This functionality makes splashboards easy to utilize and peculiarly appealing to directors who wish to hold an overview of the company s public presentation.Text-mining Tools. The 3rd type of informations mining tool sometimes is called a text-mining tool because of its ability to mine informations from different sorts of text from Microsoft Word and Acrobat PDF paperss to simple text files, for illustration. These tools scan content and change over the selected information into a format that is compatible with the tool s database, therefore supplying users with an easy and convenient trend of accessing informations without the demand to open different applications. Scanned content can be unstructured ( i.e. , information is scattered about indiscriminately across the papers, including electronic mails, Internet pages, sound and p icture informations ) or structured ( i.e. , the information s signifier and intent is known, such as content found in a database ) . Capturing these inputs can supply organisations with a wealth of information that can be mined to detect tendencies, constructs, and attitudes.Besides these tools, other applications and plans may be used for informations excavation intents. For case, audit question tools can be used to foreground fraud, information anomalousnesss, and forms. In add-on, internal hearers can utilize spreadsheets to set about simple informations excavation exercisings or to bring forth drumhead tabular arraies. Some of the desktop, notebook, and server computing machines that run runing systems such as Windows, Linux, and Macintosh can be imported straight into Microsoft Excel. Using polar tabular arraies in the spreadsheet, hearers can reexamine complex informations in a simplified format and bore down where necessary to happen the underlining premises or information .When measuring informations excavation schemes, companies may make up ones mind to get several tools for specific intents, instead than buying one tool that meets all demands. Although geting several tools is non a mainstream attack, a company may take to make so if, for illustration, it installs a splashboard to maintain directors informed on concern affairs, a full data-mining suite to gaining control and construct informations for its selling and gross revenues weaponries, and an question tool so hearers can place fraud activity.DATAMINING TechniqueIn add-on to utilizing a peculiar information excavation tool, internal hearers can take from a assortment of informations mining techniques. The most normally used techniques include unreal nervous webs, determination trees, and the nearest-neighbor method. Each of these techniques analyzes informations in different waysArtificial nervous webs are non-linear, prognostic theoretical accounts that learn through preparation. Although th ey are powerful prognostic mold techniques, some of the power comes at the disbursal of easiness of usage and deployment. One country where hearers can easy utilize them is when reexamining records to place fraud and fraud-like actions. Because of their complexness, they are better employed in state of affairss where they can be used and reused, such as reexamining recognition card minutess every month to look into for anomalousnesss.Decision trees are arboreal constructions that represent determination sets. These determinations generate regulations, which so are used to sort informations. Decision trees are the favorite technique for constructing apprehensible theoretical accounts. Hearers can utilize them to measure, for illustration, whether the organisation is utilizing an appropriate cost-efficient selling scheme that is based on the assigned value of the client, such as net income.The nearest-neighbor method classifies dataset records based on similar informations in a histor ical dataset. Hearers can utilize this attack to specify a papers that is interesting to them and inquire the system to seek for similar points.Each of these attacks brings different advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered prior to their usage. Nervous webs, which are hard to implement, necessitate all input and end point end product to be expressed numerically, therefore necessitating some kind of reading depending on the nature of the data-mining exercising. The determination tree technique is the most normally used methodological analysis, because it is simple and straightforward to implement. Finally, the nearest-neighbor method relies more on associating similar points and, hence, workings better for extrapolation instead than prognostic questions.A good manner to use advanced informations excavation techniques is to hold a flexible and synergistic informations excavation tool that is to the full integrated with a database or informations warehouse. Using a too l that operates outside of the database or informations warehouse is non as efficient. Using such a tool ordain affect excess stairss to pull out, import, and analyze the information. When a information excavation tool is integrated with the informations warehouse, it simplifies the application and execution of excavation consequences. Furthermore, as the warehouse grows with new determinations and consequences, the organisation can mine best patterns continually and use them to future determinations.Regardless of the technique used, the existent value behind informations excavation is patterning the procedure of constructing a theoretical account based on user-specified standards from already captured informations. Once a theoretical account is built, it can be used in similar state of affairss where an reply is non known. For illustration, an organisation looking to get new clients can make a theoretical account of its ideal client that is based on bing informations captured fro m people who antecedently purchased the merchandise. The theoretical account so is used to question informations on prospective clients to see if they match the profile. Modeling besides can be used in audit sections to foretell the figure of hearers required to set about an audit program based on old efforts and similar work.BENEFITS OF DATA MINING & A DATA WAREHOUSE TO ORGANIZATIONSBenefits of Data MiningOrganizations point of positionData excavation is really of import to concerns because it helps to heighten their overall operations and detect new forms that may let companies gives better function to their clients. Through informations excavation, fiscal and insurance companies are able to observe forms of deceitful recognition card use, place behavior forms of affect clients, and analyze claims.Besides that, informations excavation besides help these companies minimize their hazard and increase their net incomes. Since companies are able to minimise their hazard, they may be able to confront down the clients lower involvement rate or lower premium. Companies are stating that information excavation is good to everyone because some of the benefit that they obtained through informations excavation will be passed on to the consumers.Data excavation allows marketing companies to aim their clients more efficaciously, hence, can cut down their demands for mass advertizements. As a consequence, the companies can go through on their economy to the consumers. Harmonizing to Michael Turner, an executive manager of a Directing Marking Association Detailed consumer information lets apparel retail merchants market their merchandises to consumers with more preciseness. But if privateness regulations impose limitations and barriers to informations aggregation, those restrictions could increase the monetary values consumers pay when they buy from catalog or on-line dress retail merchants by 3.5 % to 11 % .When it comes to privacy issues, organisations will state tha t they are making everything they can to protect their clients personal information. In add-on, they merely use consumer informations for ethical intents such as selling, discover recognition card fraudulent, and etc. To guarantee that personal information are used in an ethical manner, the main information officers ( CIO ) Magazine has put unitedly a list of what they call the Six Commandments of Ethical Date Management. The six commandments include 1 ) information is a valuable corporate plus and should be managed as such, like hard currency, installations or any other corporate plus 2 ) the CIO is steward of corporate informations and is responsible for pull offing it over its life rhythm ( from its coevals to its appropriate devastation ) 3 ) the CIO is responsible for commanding entree to and usage of informations, as determined by governmental ordering and corporate policy 4 ) the CIO is responsible for forestalling inappropriate devastation of informations 5 ) the CI O is responsible for conveying technological cognition to the development of informations direction patterns and policies 6 ) the CIO should spouse with executive equals to develop and put to death the organisation s informations direction policies. Since informations excavation is non a perfect procedure, errors such as mismatching information will happen. Companies and organisations are cognizant of this issue and seek to cover it. Harmonizing to Agrawal, an IBM s research worker, informations obtained through excavation is merely associated with a 5 to 10 per centum loss in truth. However, with uninterrupted betterment in informations excavation techniques, the per centum in inaccuracy will diminish significantly.Benefits of Data WarehouseThere are a big figure of obvious advantages involved with utilizing a information warehouse. As the name suggests, a information warehouse is a computerized warehouse in which information is stored.The organisation that owns this information c an analyse it in order to happen historical forms or connexions that can let them to do of import concern determinations. In this article I will travel over some of the advantages and disadvantages that are connected to informations warehouses.One of the best advantages to utilizing a information warehouse is that users will be able to entree a big sum of information. This information can be used to work out a big figure of jobs, and it can besides be used to increase the net incomes of a company. Not merely are users able to hold entree to a big sum of information, but this information is besides consistent. It is relevant and nonionised in an efficient mode. While it will help a company in increasing its net incomes, the cost of calculating will greatly be reduced. One powerful characteristic of information warehouses is that informations from different locations can be combined in one location.There are a figure of causal agency why this is of import. When information is taken from multiple beginnings and placed in a centralised location, an organisation can analyse it in a manner that may let them to come up with different solutions than they would if they looked at the information individually. Data excavation is connected to informations warehouses, and nervous webs or computing machine algorithms are responsible. When information is analyzed from multiple beginnings, forms and connexions can be discovered which would non be found otherwise. Another advantage of information warehouses is that they can make a construction which will let alterations within the stored informations to be transferred back to operational systems.However there are a figure of disadvantages that need to be mentioned every bit good. Before informations can be stored within the warehouse, it must be cleaned, loaded, or extracted. This is a procedure that can take a long period of clip. There may besides be issues with compatibility. For illustration, a new dealing system may non work with systems that are already being used. Users who will be working with the informations warehouse must be trained to utilize it. If they are non trained decently, they may take non to work within the informations warehouse. If the informations warehouse can be accessed via the cyberspace, this could take to a big figure of protection jobs.Another job with the informations warehouse is that it is hard to keep. Any organisation that is sing utilizing a information warehouse must make up ones mind if the benefits outweigh the be. Once you have paid for the information warehouse, you will still necessitate to pay for the cost of care over clip. The costs involved with this must ever be taken into consideration. When it comes to hive awaying information, there are two techniques which are used. The first is called the dimensional technique. When the dimensional technique is used, information will be stored within the informations warehouse as facts. These facts will take the si gnifier of either text or numerical information.Data which is stored with the dimensional technique will incorporate information which is specific to one event. The dimensional technique is utile for workers who have a limited sum of information engineering accomplishments. It makes the informations easy for them to analyze and understand. In add-on to this, information warehouses that use the dimensional technique tend to run rapidly. The biggest job with the dimensional technique is if the company decides to alter the manner it conducts concern, it will be hard to alter the informations warehouse to back up it. The 2nd technique that is used hive awaying information is called database standardization. With this technique, the information is store in a 3rd normal signifier. While adding informations is easy, bring forthing studies can be boring.DecisionAs a decision, informations excavation can be good for concerns, authoritiess, society every bit good as the single individual. How ever, the major defect with informations excavation is that it increases the hazard of privateness invasion. Currently, concern organisations do non hold sufficient security systems to protect the information that they obtained through informations excavation from unauthorised entree, though the usage of informations excavation should be restricted. In the hereafter, when companies are willing to pass money to develop sufficient security system to protect consumer informations, so the usage of informations excavation may be supported.

Paper Copy

I even commend those that go to work and do school all at the same clipping. That works very well for some people, but not quite for me especially online. I gift to find what works for me. Career Goals I am in the mist of changing careers from the military to hopefully finding a job doing Transportation Logistics as a civilian. I believe it would be more beneficial to me to get certified rather than going a degree in this field. For instance, if had a bachelors degree in my career field would over qualify me most of the job offers they have posted. I will continue to pursue my associates degree, but most likely in a classroom prospect than online.My goal from there on out is to buy my judgment of conviction spent in the military, so that I can retire. In order to achieve this essential get a federal equivalent job. I am looking to go anywhere to make this a dream a reality. Will prompt to Europe, Asia, and even cross the border into Canada. I am just looking to one have a fam ily, and a wife I can bring up my very own. Over all, I postulate to live by the Twelve Principles of Islam which are knowledge, wisdom, understanding freedom, justice, equality. We will continue with food clothing shelter, love, peace and peppiness. I have simple reasonable goals, nothing big.Time Management Techniques My success in college solely depends on me. Know that I can procrastinate a lot, but its not totally my fault. For me balancing work and school is very difficult. I rather do one or the other. Now with that being said, I have decided to put school on hold until I get of the army. Its not like cant manage my time. Its just that at the end of the day what time do have left to manage. Get up at 430 am, and return home at ten oclock at night. This is the reason wherefore I have late assignments, and I had to pay for extra time on his class.Us Mary In summary I have discussed my career goals, and time management problems. I think I have some realistic goals and I can a ccomplish them on my own terms. I real want these things for me, and know in order to get them I will have to separate myself from the military. I think it will help with my time management skill, and really bring down my stress level.

Hello Kitty Singapore Essay

A person has many needs at any disposed(p) time. Abraham Maslow sought to explain why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. According to him, human needs are arranged in a hierarchy (refer to Figure 1), from the most imperativeness to the least pressing. In order of importance, they are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. The most basic level of needs must be satisfied first before desiring higher level needs.Therefore, having a Mctoy fulfils the forth level needs, called as Esteem Needs. Self-esteem is the desire for status, self-respect and prestige. Owning the serial publication of Hello kitty-cat dolls has gained a sense of fulfilment to the individual because it is not that easy to get the limited chance variable toys at any time. Besides that, the Kiasu place which is very popular among Singaporeans to cast off something which everyone else is having, regardless of whether it is of any use. The f ear of losing out drives the feeling to fulfil their esteem needs, where they are happy knowing they too have one like others. In order to fulfil the esteem need, people are often engaged in either profession or rocking horse to gain recognition. For those who loves collecting dolls, use this hobby as a platform to gain recognition from others so that they leave behind be praised. Thus, they feel that by owning the serial of hello kitty dolls can make them gained recognition. How has McDonalds created value to its consumers by offering Hello Kittty dolls in their Extra Value Meals? Marketing experts, Don Peppers and Martha Rogers vocalise thatThe save value a company will ever create is the value that comes from customers. Customer value is the relationship between the consumers perception of benefits they believe they will derive from a purchased compared to the price that will be paid. The total benefit package includes functional attributes of the product and related service attributes. Creating value not only transforms sales effectiveness, it also provides insulation from price pressure. There are many sales strategies, tactics and techniques for creating value for customers. McDonalds has identified the benefits that consumers would gain from the promotion by creating a series of value to its customer through the promotion. The total value created to its consumers by McDonalds comprises of four sources namely product, services, military force and image.Firstly, the product (Hello kitty Dolls) were given as a premium to its loyal consumers at its cost price when consumer purchases the Extra Value Meal, rather than charging any extra amount for it. McDonalds has created value to its consumers by offering this product premium. In terms of service, McDonalds has created value to its consumers an alternative way of getting the exclusive dolls, where these dolls can only be purchased through McDonalds outlets during the limited period of time. This serie s of limited-edition toys will not be available as and when consumers want them. Thirdly, the satisfaction gained by consumers by owning these dolls.As the dolls were limited edition and were sold at cheaper price, McDonalds has created the satisfaction feeling among its consumers when they own them. And finally image value is created to McDonalds consumers where the consumers have the option to choose designs of their preferences during the one-month promotion. The image of tummy representing different cultures wedding costumes creates value to those owning them. Thus, McDonalds has added up values from all the four sources mentioned above to successfully create values to its consumers through its Hello Kitty Promotion.Recommendations and ConclusionHere are several alternatives that McDonalds should have considered before carrying out the promotion to avoid such havoc from happening1) Study the consumer deportment of Singaporeans2) Periods of the promotion3) Increase the compute of toys offered for promotionIn conclusion, the havoc caused from the Hello Kitty Promotion in Singapore has not tarnished McDonalds image in any aspect. This was proven when McDonalds introduced another six sets of designs featured royal costumes around the world a year after, and the sales seem not to be declining. There was no repeat of the previous years frenzy as McDonalds was prepared. Several precautions were taken such as limiting the number of dolls each customer can buy to four, and had more dolls in stock for panic buying. Besides that, to monitor and control the crowds, McDonalds has hired security personnel and mobile squad officers to visit McDonalds outlets.

Differences between abstract art and expressionism Essay

Expressionism is when an graphicsist expresses an inclination towards the distortion of reality for emotional effect. While all invention is expressionist to a certain extent, the distortion is of such a scale as to be further removed from the representation of objective reality than another(prenominal) titles. The objective of such a style is to emphasize the plasticity of form or to bring about a psychological disturbance as a response to perception of said ruse by means of rejecting verisimilitude.(Britannica, 2008) One of the best and most advantageously-recognized examples of Expressionism is Edvard Munchs The Scream, which depicts a lone figure nippy in a psyche-shattering pose of anxiety, said to be paralyzed by existential angst. Expressionism should not be conf occasiond with Abstract art, which foregoes representation in favor of the use color and form in non-representational ways.Well-recognized examples of abstract art are the works of Jackson Pollock, which includ e No. 5, 1948, which exemplifies his drip and drizzle technique. (Compton, 1978) Abstract and expressionist art are similar in so far as they opt out of objective representation, but the former rejects it completely. In effect, abstract art favors form over content, while expressionism remains favorable towards content. Please define the elements of art characteristic to the style of Impressionism. Please give one example. Impressionism is a style of art which does not attempt to conceal the elements of its composition.As such, it is characterized by visible brush strokes, attention to light emphasis, mundane subject matter, and detail to movement, as well as unusual angles. All these characteristics draw self-conscious attention towards the elements of human visual perception. (Denvir, 1990) Impressionism is best exemplified by the works of Claude Monet, and the movement of style derives its name from his film Impression, soleil levant. Please define the term, iconography, and di scuss its importance in art. Please refer to specific artworks.Iconography is a branch of art studies which focuses on the identification of image content and its interpretation, and extends itself to the general understanding of how certain subjects are used within the breadth of art. Iconography is most notable within religious art, which relies on imagery crucial to the draw beliefs. For example, in Buddhist art , varied imagery is used in order to represent the nigh infinite aspects of Buddha. Why would an artist prefer to use oils rather than tempera paints? What effects would the artist be able to achieve by choosing oils?Artists may favor the use of oil-based paints over tempera for the simple indicate that it is much more difficult to blend colors in tempera paints than it is to do so with oil. Thus, it is far easier to create a broad range of hues that speed a broader chromatic expression. Also, oil-based paints take a longer time to dry than tempera, which means that it is somewhat easier to undo mistakes by blending colors into the still pixilated paint, or remove it. Tempera paints on the other hand, are much more difficult to blend, and dry far faster.Unless ones work is meticulously planned, oil-based paints are far more preferable. What is the difference between classicism and Romanticism in the history of Western art? Please give an example of each. Classicism was a trend within post-medieval European art in which artists were expected to emulate the aesthetics of classical antiquity. This was reflected in the works of Michelangelo whose sculptures such as the Pieta and David, were reverberating of the aesthetic ideals of human figure representation during the eras of classical antiquity.Leonardo Da Vinci, renowned for works such as The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, subscribes to a similar personify aesthetic ideal. Please explore arts conflicting roles of revealing loyalty and concealing it. Reference specific artworks in your discussion. Critics and scholars of art are primarily heedless with its relationship to truth. For example, John Ruskin, a British aesthetic theorist argued that arts role in culture was to communicate essential truths to be establish in nature, by means of using trick. (Ruskin, 1843)Ruskin was not the first, nor would he be the last, to place value upon art by means of its relationship to truth. Novelist Leo Tolstoy argued that art is an indirect form of communication, albeit by unconventional means. Benedetto Croce and R. G. Collingwood advanced the notion that art is a means of expressing emotional truths. (Levinson, 2003) In effect, arts relationship to truth is such that it functions as a medium for it, while attempting to circumvent many of the awkward traits which come from direct expression, thereby using concealment of truth artifice as a means of revealing truth.Consider for example, the Venus of Willendorf, a limestone carving found by an archaeologist in lower Austria. A bomb astic idealization of the female figure which exaggerates the dimensions of the vulva, belly and breasts, it appears to be so far removed from the aesthetic idealization of the female form. However McDermott (1996) argues that the Venus may arrive been a self-portrait, and the observation by others that the head is looking down, and when thought of as the self-image of a woman confronted with her own pregnant proportions, are actually realistically and accurately defined.Thus, the actual distortion of the female form is used to confront the internal truth which pregnant women face, and exemplifies the use of artifice in communicating said truth. REFERENCES Expressionism. (2008) In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved June 24, 2008, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9033453 Compton, S. (1978) The World Backwards Russian Futurist Books 1912-16. The British Library. Denvir, B. (1990). The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism.London T hames and Hudson. Bialostocki, J. (2003) Iconography in Dictionary of the History of Ideas. University of Virginia Library, Gale Group. Retrieved June 23, 2008 from http//etext. lib. virginia. edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi. cgi? id=dv2-57 Ruskin, J. (1843) Modern Painters, Volume 1. London Smith, Elder & Co. Levinson, J. (2003) The Oxford vade mecum of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press. McDermott, LeRoy. (1996, April) Self-Representation In Upper Paleolithic Female Figurines. Current Anthropology, Volume 37, No. 2, 227-275

The Causes of the Indian Mutiny

Assess the ca occasions of the Indian disorder Throughout the Indian mutiny there were numerous factors, mainly due to British imperialism, that caused and had significant impact on the Indian nation. Through the manikin of the Indian mutiny economic, Cultural, Armies and the Enfield rifle incident caused the Indian Mutiny. These factors bundlight-emitting diode together and impacted together which contributed to widespread uprise and the India Mutiny. British Imperialism caused economic and political strain on the Indian Community, which in turn placed the British already on thin ice with the Indians.The Doctrine of the lapse caused umpteen incidences and was the first reason, of many, for the Indian Mutiny to begin. Under British rule the doctrine was introduced which declared that the lands of any Indian Ruler who died without a subjective heir it would be forfeited to the Company. This frustrated numerous Indian princes and land owners. Which lead them to join the sepoys in the Indian Mutiny. The taking of Oudh played a significant role in the contribution of the anger towards the British Rule. Governor Dalhousie annexed 250,000 square miles of land known as Oudh.To consolidate control in his new grunge he introduced rail and road systems and postal and telegraph systems. This aggravated the Indians and only added to the frustration and retaliation emergency of the Indians. Along with this, heavy taxes were levied onto the Indian people. The amount taxed was more than the crops were worth on that land. In addition tolls were inflicted for the use of river ferries. The land revenue system introduced by the company ruined many peasant farmers. The anxiety and blackmail that these economic and political elements contributed to the British demise.Through the spread of Christianity and the spread of religious customs and traditions heightened the emotions of the Indians. This spread of Christianity was the greatest apprehension for Indians with the arr ival of missionaries this created much unease amongst the Indians. Christians disrespected and had little knowledge for the Hindi and Muslim theologys. Originally the British promised not to impose their beliefs but it soon was gossiped that the British wish to convert the Indians, and western influences were brought to India. William Bentinck a Christian missioner rought reforms such as the abolition of child marriage and the suppression of Sati (burning of wives after their husband has passed) this convinced many Indians of Christianity being imposed on Hindu or Muslim Indians. This outraged and added to the British problems and ultimately led Indian civilians and sepoys to uprise against them. The Indian sepoys were largely victimised, as they had lack of promotions, low wages and had many threats to their class made. Most sepoys were high- coterie Hindus used to wealth and within the army and civil service it was extremely difficult to get to promotions and high wages.The stu dy concern within the army was caste. It rumoured through the sepoy regiments that the British were intentionally trying to solve them lose their caste. There was talk of magical chapattis (yeast-less bread) that had been poisoned by the company. The Enfield rifle getaway was also a major caste incident. This was short term factors that lead to the sepoys gathering and revolting against the British. Problems arose when a new Enfield rifle was introduced to flip-flop and old rifle known as the musket.In order to load the Enfield rifle the end of the cartridge has to be bitten off the cartridge and then the cartridge rammed down the muzzle to fire. To make the bullet easier to ram down, the cartridge was heavily greased with animal fat. A rumour circulated that the fat was a mixture of cow and blur fat, cows are sacred to Hindus and pigs regarded unclean as a Muslim, biting this cartridge would break the caste of the Hindu sepoys and defile the Muslims. The British quickly stated that the grease was oil or bees wax.However the sepoys legato distrusted the Company and the British word meant little to them now. The economic, political, force of religious beliefs and threats to caste added together on outgo of each other which lead to the British Company topple over and crumble. The British interference with religion and traditions that have been practised for centuries and it was this interference which led to the discontent of Indian sepoys that ultimately lead to the conflict. Britain attempt to get over India was the cause of the rebellion and the Indian Mutiny.

Early Childhood Education Programs Essay

Early peasantishness teaching method or preschool education is education for children in the firstish st progresss of their childishness before they join school. some(prenominal) queryes that nurse been conducted by neuroscientists, pediatricians and other stakeholders shows that the biggest portion of the brain architecture takes place in the early childhood years. Research studies have also appoint stunned that intellectual and emotional development is critical during the initiative three years of life. Maria Montessori was one of many educationists who believe that the foundation of human development is position during the childs early years.She declared that The most important period of life is not the age of university studies, but the first one, the period from birth to the age of six, (Pandor, 2008 para. 3). Many other educationists assert that the quality of education is determined in the first years of a child in school. Early puerility grooming Programs Presch ool education or early childhood education is a quality education and it is beneficial to children from altogether sparing and social groups. Development of quality early childhood computer programs should be emphasized as it prat be viewed as a social and stinting strategy.Investing in these programs is therefore not further important to the child but also to the development of the state and the country at large. A research conducted by the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in tail fin states of the United States found out that quality public preschool programs produce broad gains in childrens learning and development, (NIEER, 2005 para. 4). According to the like study, state funded programs were found to have signifi nett gains regardless of the childs ethnic or economic and social background.The effects of the preschool programs were estimated by testing the literacy skills, vocabulary and academic skills of the kindergarteners. A total of 5,071 childr en in 1, 320 classrooms were well-tried in either English or Spanish dep closing curtaining on the childs strongest expression. The impacts on mathematics, literacy and language were statistically signifi raiset compared to the children without the program. Vocabulary scores were 31 percent highschooler than gains of children without the program.On mathematical skills which include basic skills much(prenominal) as counting money, simple additions and subtractions, number concepts and telling time, the gains increased to 44 percent. In print awareness the gains were 85 percent greater for children enrolled in state sponsored preschool programs compared to the growth of children who are not enrolled (NIEER, 2005). According to the NIEER study, participants at the age of 20 years were more than believably to have cleared high school if they enrolled for the preschool programs.They were less likely to have take remedial education and also less likely to have committed juvenile cr imes which warrant arrests. With the unnecessary costs of remedial classes and expenditure for justice systems and in addition to the increased revenues, it was estimated that there was a give up of $7 for every dollar that was invested. At 27 years of age, participants had gained a higher(prenominal) level of education and their earnings were higher than those who did not enroll for the early childhood school programs. The number of those who received the social services was significantly low and the numbers of arrests were fewer.These studies were carried out on children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The befits gained can be intertwined in the sense that once this child gains a higher level of education most likely the earnings will be high, consequently economic prospects will be high, improvement on financial decisions, improved health and housing (NIEER, 2008). An opportunity to fit in a classroom community, interact and get along with people from various socioeconomi c backgrounds can be considered as a social benefit for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.Learning how to get along with others will result to improved social skills and emotional competence. These programs set a stage and give a child preparedness to enroll for the baronial education. Apart from improving on their communication skills and getting higher scores in school tests, they have lesser behavioral issues once they enroll in the ball learning process. When a child goes through the pre kindergarten learning they succeed in school and become nigh citizens, earn more, commit less crimes and pay more taxes.Every dollar invested in quality early care and education saves taxpayers up to $13. 00 in future costs, (http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2). The success of the early child leaning relies heavily on the quality of the preschool programs. In an effort to improve the schools and the learning process, most states in United States have complete public preschool programs to cater for less privileged and disadvantaged. Most of these programs are established on the principle that early intervention will help the child unleash his full potential.For showcase the mission for Head Start is to ensure that no child in the States is trapped in povertys grasp, (United Way of America, 2005 pp. 1). These programs have been criticized and their effectiveness has been questionable. From the findings of NIEER (2005) studies, vocabulary gains were three or four propagation greater than those in the Head Start study, (para. 9). In spite of this big difference in performance, such aspects such as the class size and the length of day remained the same.This difference was attributed to high educational qualifications and honest remuneration for teachers in state funded pre-kindergarten programs compared to Head Start. Almost all state funded programs studied in the five states required teachers to be licensed, have a certifi cation in early childhood education and be a holder of a BA degree. In the case of Head Start the requirements half of the teachers were required to have a two-year Associates degree while the rest to have a Child Development Associate (requires only 120 hours of training to acquire CDA credential) or an equivalent (LIFESTYLENIEER, n.d). Abbot, other preschool program in New Jersey was established to serve the highest poverty districts within the state. Substantial resources have been invested in the school and NIEER annual report rated it as one those with highest quality standards nationwide. According to the Abbot preschool program longitudinal effects study by Frede et al (2007), the results presented provides clear evidence that by participating in a high-quality program regardless of auspice, children are improving in literacy and math at least until the end of the kindergarten year, (pp. 35).It therefore remains clear that high standard and accountability are key factors to the success of these programs. Recruitments of serve and well educated teachers as has been observed in performing preschool programs are instrumental in guaranteeing correct quality. These teachers must be adequately compensated to boost their morale and hence increasing productivity. The classes should be manageable. This can only be achieved by having a reasonable child to teacher ratio. Finally there should be strong supervision to ensure that standard and quality of learning is uncompromised.Conclusion All children are authorize to quality education. From the studies conducted a disadvantaged child is likely to gain more from preschool program. If these programs are expanded more disadvantaged children will enroll and they will develop positive peer effects when they enroll for the formal school learning. Failing to invest sufficiently in quality early care and education shortchanges taxpayers because the return on investment is greater than many other economic development o ptions, (http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2). in that location should be universal large-scale and state wide programs to benefit the minority and the poor. Reference Early Childhood Education for All, a Wise Investment, retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. Frede E, Jung K, Barnett W. S, Lamy, C. E & Figueras, A. (2007) The Abbott Preschool Program Longitudinal effect Study (Apples). Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//nieer. org/resources/research/APPLES. pdf LIFESTYLENIEER (n. d) Economic Benefits Of Quality Preschool Education for Americas 3- And 4-Year Olds.Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//nieer. org/resources/facts/index. php? FastFactID=6 Martina, A (2008) Column Early Connections Are Key For Infants To Thrive. Retrieved on 20th July 2008 From http//detnews. com/apps/pbcs. dll/ name? AID=/20080715/OPINION03/807150398/100 National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER ) (2005)New Study Shows highschool Quality State Pre-K Programs Improve Language and Math Abilities of Children of All Backgrounds State Programs with Higher Teacher Qualifications overcome Head Start , retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//nieer.org/mediacenter/index. php? PressID=46 Pandor N (2008) A call to focus on firm foundations for learning, Journal of Education, Vol. 8. Issue No. 11, pp 21-27, Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//www. anc. org. za/ancdocs/anctoday/2008/text/at11. txt United Way of America (2005) Early Childhood Education, retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//www. liveunited. org/_cs

Innocence Theme in Catcher in the Rye

Innocence Themes in literary works are recurring, unifying subjects or ideas, motifs that allow us to understand more deeply the characters and their world. In The Catcher in the Rye, the major themes reflect the values and motivations of the characters. roughly of these themes are outlined in the following sections. As its title indicates, the dominating theme of The Catcher in the Rye is the protection of innocence, especially of children. For most of the book, Holden sees this as a primary virtue. It is very closely link to his struggle against growing up.Holdens enemy is the adult world and the cruelty and artificiality that it entails. The people he admires all patch up or protect innocence. He thinks of Jane Gallagher, for example, not as a maturing young woman but as the girl with whom he used to play checkers. He goes out of his way to tell us that he and Jane had no sexual relationship. Quite sweetly, they usually just held hands. Holden comforted Jane when she was distre ssed, and it bothers him that Jane may have been subjected to sexual advances from her boozy stepfather or from her date, Holdens roommate, Stradlater.Holdens secret goal is to be the catcher in the rye. In this metaphor, he envisions a correction of rye standing by a dangerous cliff. Children play in the field with joy and abandon. If they should bang too close to the edge of the cliff, however, Holden is there to catch them. His attitude seems to shift near the end of the impudent when he realizes that Phoebe and other children must be allowed to grab for the gold ring, to choose their own risks and slay them, even though their attempts may be dangerous.

A Woman of No Importance

The purpose of this essay is to analyze, ex unvarnished, inform, and suggest. An psychoanalysis of the various gender/sexuality, social status, religious, and govern mental power struggles that existed in the quicken is presented. Explanation of various leading styles is given.Information on whether or not the analyzed power struggles were evident in England and the States. Suggestions closely why these 2 countries differed argon given. The review begins with a discussion on the First set.First ActIn the First Act, at that place was discussion on how several(prenominal) Ameri sewer states are as big as the entire countries of England and France. Also, dialogue between Lady Carolean and Miss. Worsley (Hester) was roughly how Lady Caroline thought that Miss. Worsley had not right to be so particular over the people that others invited her to meet.This was because Miss. Worsley was considered as a foreigner and Mrs. Allonby (the lady that Hester did not sock if she would lik e or dislike) was considered to be royalty (Wilde 1893). As a result, this scene suggested that all(prenominal) bingle in England is not tightened equally. In position, this inequality later manifested itself in a number of discourses between various characters in the play. However, dirty treatment between men and women in England is not the only converse in the play.The discussion defected to how beau monde perceived working individuals in both England and America. In England, workers never had the opportunity to become acquainted with proud indian lodge. In fact, the spicy society members of England were considered more important and view than those who held jobs (Wilde 1893).This provides an indication that Englands power was wholeness of a hierarchy where those at the top make all the decisions for the lower class levels to follow. In America, the play portrayed the people with the jobs as those who were highly respected in society (Wilde 1893). This showed a power shift to the working class because this class had purchasing, bargaining, and selling power to keep the economy moving forward.At whizz point, Hester stated, Mr. Arbuthnot has a beautiful nature He is so simple, so sincere. He has one of the most beautiful natures I have ever come across. I can say that it is a privilege to meet him (sic) (Wilde 1893, First Act).This disputation is reminiscent of stereotyping. It indicates a power of persuasion that people are often fit to portray themselves as having a practiced per watchwordality. However, in reality, they have faults and other faulty characteristics that would cause others to think of them in a different manner. Also, the fact that women had to conceal their feelings in Englands society, made it difficult for people to know their current personalities.Lady Caroline said, It is not customary in Englandfor a young lady to speak with such intensity of any person of the opposite sex. English women conceal their feelings till later they are married. They are allowed to show them so (Wilde 1893, First Act). This passage suggests that England does not consider it lady-like for a woman to express affair in a man until after marriage.In America, this would not have worked because women were able to have friendships with men they did not intend to marry. Furthermore, some American women engaged in sexual activities with men before marriage. The play portrayed the differences between how England women and American women are treated when it comes to this issue through out apiece scene (Wilde 1893).In another(prenominal) discussion, Lady Hunstanton expressed an interest in the fact that captain Illingworth did not marry lady Kelso because she either came from a large family or her feet were too big (Wilde 1893, First Act). This suggests that royalty in England chose spouses based upon their appearance and whether or not they would crack into high society. In America, for the most part, people got married ba sed upon the amount of love and respect they had for each other and not for the size of ones family or feet.At some point, Kelvil entered into the discussions. The passage where he talked slightly I find that the poorer classes of this country display a marked desire for a higher estimable standard (Wilde 1893, First Act) is reflective of how many of Americas working poor strive hard to achieve the American Dream.However, at the same time, when Kelvil said, Women are always on the side of morality, public and esoteric (Wilde 1893, First Act) he is placing gender constraints on the political views of women. Yet, when Lady Hunstanton indicated, that dear manufacturer Illingworth doesnt repute the moral qualities in women as much as he should (Wilde 1893, First Act) she was placing limitations on the values and beliefs of high society England.That is why when Lord Illingworth enters the scene he voiced his displeasure in being talked about behind his back (Wilde 1893). In America, people are talked about behind their backs all the time. This gives no company more power but often causes conflicts to occur that are hard to resolve. Rather than a hit/win scenario occurring, these conflicts often create avoidance issues and that is a lose/lose scenario example. Perhaps this is why England women are expected to conceal their eagerness towards men.While other conversations are noted, the discussions shifted to how American women should stay at home and die traveling to England to find husbands (Wilde 1893). This shows a belief that England did not want its citizens marrying other cultures. At this point, the discussions are nearing politics.Lady Hunstanton pointed out that no country has good politics. As the conversation continues, Kelvil said, You cannot deny that the House of Commons has always sh own outstanding sympathy with the sufferings of the poor (Wilde 1893, First Act). This suggests that the poor in England must struggle to survive due to petty(a) assistance from Englands government. Not too long after this, the conversation shifts to Englands East finis and how it needs fixing. The problem is that slaves are amusing the higher society, according to Lord Illingworth (Wilde 1893, First Act).Later on in the scene, conversation turned to debt. Lord Alfred talked about how everyone he knows is in debt (Wilde 1893). This is reflective of Americas society today. Many people do not get the things they want unless they can charge those items to credit cards and then pay them off later on. In the play, discussion was about how Americans were always salutary polished and did their shopping in Paris for clothes (Wilde 1893). So, even in early centuries, Americans went into debt to make sure they looked and matte good.In fact, the fine apparel and good looks were not reflective of the plain look that was discussed in the play. Mrs. Allonby said, Curious thing, plain women are always jealous of their husbands, beautiful women never are (Wilde 1893, First Act). This suggests that plain-looking women in England had low egoism issues. In America, it is possible for any face of woman to fear her husband will cheat on her.Later on in the scene, Lord Illingworth indicated, One can survive everything nowadays, that death, and live down anything except a good reputation (Wilde 1893, First Act). This means that anyone with a good reputation is highly respected even after death. It also suggests that everyone has something to live for and that is to have a good reputation when they die.Second ActAs the First Act ended, the Second Act came in with a strong discussion on a womans place in society. Mrs. Allonby made known her belief that women should stick by their husbands and not let them be only if. Lady Caroline talked about how a womens place in society is to look after her husband. She also said that bachelors should be forced to marry within 12 months time. In addition, Lady Caroline made a reference to women as property and Mrs. Allonby pointed out that people should not be discussed in that type of manner (Wilde 1893).In a sense, human property is slavery. Earlier in the play, it was discussed that this was a problem in England (Wilde 1893). However, America went through its own trials with slavery as well. Fortunately, when the right government came along, slavery was abolished in America and many African Americans have contributed greatly to the world. In particular, Martin Luther King, Jr. helped end slavery and for that, he has his own nationally observed holiday.The discussion on men in the Second Act is of major significance. This is because the type of man that each woman wanted was their Ideal Man. Lady Stutfield desired a man with a square chin. Mrs. Allonby told her that Ernest was that type of man. However, Lady Caroline reflected,The Ideal Man Oh, the Ideal Man should talk about us as if we were goddesses, and treat us as if we were children. He should refuse all our serious requests, and recreate every one of our whims. He should encourage us to have ca impairments, and forbid us to have missions. He should always say much more than he means, and always mean much more than he says. (Wilde 1893, Second Act)This type of man would possess charismatic leadership qualities. A charismatic leader is able to get others to follow him because of his personality.On the other hand, Mrs. Allonby wanted another type of man. Mrs. Allonbys Ideal Man should persistently compromise us in public and treat us with absolute respect when we are alone (Wilde 1893, Second Act). A person who compromises creates a win/lose scenario. Basically, the thing that is compromised works in the crush interest of the one doing the compromising. In this sense, transformational leadership qualities are evident. This type of leader does whatever he can to get others to come on board with his ideas. In fact, transformational leadership exists in America. Remarkably, due to the effective l eadership styles that both men and women have as reflective of Miss. Worsleys explanation, her conversations choose on new meanings as they come to light in the play.Miss. Worsley said, true American society consists simply of all the good women and good men we have in our country (Wilde 1893, Second Act). This implies that a high standard of ethics, humanitarian, and utilitarian exists. As a result, these men and women represent the universal leadership style. In this type of leadership, the leader is an active attendee and among other qualities, looks out for the best interests of all parties that are involved.Lady Hunstanton saw England as being too contrived when it comes to social class (Wilde 1893). This suggests that the upper class in England has their noses held high in the air and considers their class to be the best that England has to offer. In fact, Miss. Worsley (Hester) later supported this by stating, Oh, your English society seems to me shallow, selfish, foolish ( Wilde 1893, Second Act). terce ActIn the thirdly Act, Lord Illingworth talked about how mothers are selfish people. Yet, this is a different type of selfishness than that discussed by Miss. Worsley. Lord Illingworth referred to the fact that mothers want to hold onto their children and not let them live their own lives. He also discussed the fact that people want to live in the best society. Unfortunately, the only way for them to get there one has either to feed people, amuse people, or shock peoplethat is all (Wilde 1893, Third Act). Basically, this statement sums up how all three types of classes can coexist. For example, kings feed people, court jesters entertain, and the educated poor shock. One could say that this was the type of country that England was.Lord Illingworth also talked about the history of women, the types of women, and religion in the Third Act. Women were considered to be tricky. However, one can argue that the reason why women are considered by Lord Illingwor th to be The tyranny of the fallible over the strong (Wilde 1893, Third Act) is because they need to be strong. Women are the ones who bear the pains of childbirth to act upon leaders (kings, presidents, lords, etc.) into the world.That is why Lord Illingworths depiction of women as either plain or dour is wrong (Wilde 1893, Third Act). Women come from a variety of backgrounds and they are more than just white and black. Thus, another thing worth noting as discussed by Lord Illingworth in the Third Act is religion. In cost of religion, Lord Illingworth said, The only difference between the spirit and the sinner is that every saint has a past, and every sinner has a future (Wilde 1893, Third Act).In America, there are many different perceptions of what constitutes as a saint and a sinner. The notion that all individuals have a past, present, and future devalues Lord Illingworths statement. As a result, the discussion on the secret of life story has new meaning. Mrs. Allonby said , It isnever to have an emotion that is uncomely (Wilde 1893, Third Act). Kelvil said, It isto resist temptation (Wilde 1893, Third Act). Lord Illingworth pointed out, There is no secret of life (Wilde 1893, Third Act). These statements suggest that philosophy was evident in England and that it was openly discussed by members of high society. Of course, this brings the play to the final act. fourthly ActIn the Fourth Act, talk between Gerald, Mrs. Allonby and Lady Hunstanton was about how Gerald wanted to stay close to his mother, Mrs. Arbuthnot. Yet, Lady Hunstanton believed that by Gerald staying at home, he is being lazy (Wilde 1893). In American society, many people believe that the children should take care of their parents when the parents reach old age. Based upon the conversation between Gerald and Lady Hunstanton, some England citizens believed that a son wastes his life by trying to be near his mother (Wilde 1893).As this conversation simmers down, Gerald strikes up a con versation with his mother and tried to get her to marry Lord Illingworth which happens to be Geralds father. This twist of events indicates that not everything goes well in England. Mrs. Arbuthnot and Lord Illingworth were not married when they had Gerald. As a result, Mrs. Arbuthnot paid a high price and Lord Illingworth did not.This is a sure sign that women were punished for deeds done in their bodies out of wedlock. Yet, the men were not (Wilde 1893). In America, the fathers are forced to pay child support. Thus, this implies that men held all the power in England whereas there were equal opportunities in America for both men and women.Towards the end of the play, Mrs. Arbuthnot got into a heated conversation with Lord Illingworth over Gerald (their son) and marriage to him. Mrs. Arbuthnot told Lord Illingworth that he was not needed in Geralds life and that she did not want to marry him.In addition, Mrs. Arbuthnot warned Lord Illingworth to stay away from them. At this point, L ord Illingworth exchanged a few more words with Mrs. Arbuthnot and then leaves. Gerald and his wife-to-be, Miss. Worsley comes back into the house and asked who had been there. Mrs. Arbuthnot replied, A man of no immenseness (Wilde 1893, Fourth Act).ConclusionConsequently, there seems to be a shift in the power struggle between Lord Illingworth and Mrs. Arbuthnot. In the past, Lord Illingworth had gotten the best of Mrs. Arbuthnot through a number of ways, including not marrying her and not supporting their child. However, Mrs. Arbuthnot last stood up for herself and spoke her mind. Lord Illingworth suggested that she would not be able to stay in England like that. However, Mrs. Arbuthnot told him that they did not plan on staying there anyway. As a result, this suggests that strong-minded England women had to find other countries to leave in order to both have and enjoy the freedoms that they deserved.ReferenceWilde, Oscar. A Woman of No Importance. 1893. Emotional Literacy Educa tion and pose Zimmerman. 21 May 2007

How heroic do you find the character of Achilles? Essay

A hero is more than just a character that it especially noble, courageous, self-sacrificing and so on A hero is in any case a protagonist, a character to whom we can relate, and with whom we can sympathise. Ultimately a hero is a character with which we can identify, and an example which each of us wishes to follow. Achilles often appears to be much(prenominal) a character. Of all the Homeric heroes, he is by far the most offenseate and emotional. When begging his drive to help him in hold in 1 he speaks with tears falling. His protection of Briseis and his honour is extreme.He goes to the lengths of withdrawing from the fighting, even though his heart yearned for battle, he causes and residuumures the suffering his fellow Argives, and his speaks affectionately of Briseis as his married woman in stark contrast to Agamemnons relationship with Chryseis, whose purpose Agamemnon describes as to serve my bed. Achilles is also a great man, and has a god-like status within his army. It is Achilles who calls the assembly to discuss how to end the plague in the Greek camp and it is Achilles who protects Kalchas from Agamemnon.But the character of Achilles in book 9 is anything but heroic. His ears to deaf to triad impassioned pleas of his dear friends Odysseus, Ajax and Phoinix, his tutor. He is offered all that has been taken from him his girl, Briseis women from Lesbos, the island which he captured and from which Agamemnon took the prizes, he is offered riches and resplendency beyond measure, as well as the chance to win a heroic victory, to gain the glory that he so badly desires the Achaians will honour you like a god. In this passage in that location can be no sympathy for Achilles.His anger at Agamemnons insult in book 1 can be understood. But by book 9 he has got what he wanted the Trojans are winning, Agamemnon has realised his mistake although admittedly none of those coming to Achilles make any offer of a public apology by Agamemnon, and he could have all that he had lost. In book 1 Achilles stubborn attitude could be excused as heat of the moment (we are after all, public lecture about Achilles whom Peleus urged to control your hearts high passion), and in book 1 Achilles is maybe unaware of at least unthinking of the consequences of his actions (i.e. the death of many Danaans).Achilles real crime is to let his personalised quarrel with Agamemnon get in the way of his duty to his friends. As Odysseus says But if your hatred for the son of Atreus has prominent too strong in your heart then still have pity on the some other Achaians of the army in their affliction. However, the story of Achilles does not end in book 9. By the end of book 22 he has atoned for many of his previous sins. He has conquered his hearts high passion and finally returned to the fighting.He has totally reversed the tide of the war, forcing the Trojans to take shelter inside Troy. The killing of Hektor is in fact unremarkable given the support of P allas Athene and earlier statements once he stood up to me alone, and barely escaped my attack. What is remarkable is that Achilles in fact sees the defeat of Hektor as a rejoicing for the whole Greek army, not just personal revenge, and he says We have won great glory we have killed glorious Hektor.In the act of returning to the fight and killing Hektor Achilles has traded his own life (i.e. he has chosen the short and glorious life) for the fall of Troy. This is why I feel that Achilles is a true hero. He is wronged massively, by his friends and by cruel fate. He grapples with his own demons of anger and pride. But eventually he corrects this by making the ultimate sacrifice for his people. His triumph over adversity is a story common passim world literature, and is one to which we can all relate, and one which each of us in our own lives, has emulated in some way or another.